Bernard P. Zeigler^*

Digital Engineering and Digital Twin, Vol.4, pp. 1-26, 2026, DOI:10.32604/dedt.2026.082492 - 02 June 2026

Abstract As Digital Twin (DT) applications expand into complex, dynamic environments, a formal methodology is lacking to ensure that the embedded digital models remain adequate for specific stakeholder goals over time. This article introduces the Experimental Frame–System Under Test (EFSUT) methodology, providing a principled foundation for linking high-level stakeholder questions to the specific models capable of answering them. EFSUT organizes the digital engineering process around three core constructs: stakeholder questions, experimental frames that formalize observational requirements, and models related through morphisms. This structure allows developers to reason about model choice, reduction, and adequacy with technical rigor… More >

Xiang Li^1,2, Jie Zhang^1,2,*, Yuxin Cheng^1,2, Jiaohao Xie^1,2, Zhaoqi Xiong^1,2

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.079253 - 27 May 2026

Abstract Current prediction methods for wellbore temperature and pressure in gas storage injection–production wells are commonly based on the simplifying assumption of pure methane, thereby neglecting the multi-component nature of real natural gas and limiting predictive accuracy. To overcome this shortcoming, this study develops a comprehensive model for the coupled temperature and pressure fields in wellbores transporting multi-component natural gas mixtures. The proposed framework explicitly accounts for compositional effects by integrating key thermophysical properties, including density, viscosity, compressibility factor, and Joule–Thomson coefficient, into the governing flow equations, thereby enhancing the fidelity of the ensuing injection and More >

Chaoshuai Duan, Yin Wang, Guohua Zhu^*, Xiaotian Zhang, Jiale Wang, Zhen Wang

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.081676 - 27 May 2026

Abstract Hybrid fiber reinforced plastic (HFRP) composites, especially intra-layer carbon/glass hybrids, offer a promising balance of specific strength, impact resistance, and cost efficiency for thin-walled energy-absorbing structures. This study investigates the low-velocity impact response and energy absorption of intra-layer carbon/glass hybrid hat-shaped beams. Tensile and impact tests evaluated the effects of hybrid ratio and fiber orientation. A multiscale damage model based on micromechanical damage and failure criteria was established via Abaqus/VUMAT, integrating stress amplification factors to bridge micro-meso-macro scales. Experimental results show that carbon fibers aligned with the loading direction yield hybrid composites with superior tensile… More >

Yenjou Wang¹, Chihtan Cheng², Jia-Wei Chang^3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.080888 - 27 May 2026

Abstract As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into enterprise decision-making processes, structural pressures such as version drift, cross-source evidence integration, and regulatory accountability have shifted the primary challenge from isolated generative performance to system-level consistency, traceability, and governability. This paper systematically reviews key technological developments relevant to enterprise requirements, including document perception, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), hybrid RAG-KG architectures, fine-grained attribution evaluation, and multi-agent coordination. The analysis demonstrates that the main obstacle to enterprise LLM adoption is not model capability, but rather the structural gap between fragmented technical modules and the need for high-reliability decision-making. More >

Roshana Mukhtar¹, Chuan-Yu Chang², Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja^1,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.079390 - 27 May 2026

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease associated with the accumulation of α-synuclein, which is linked to the dysfunctional ubiquitin–proteasome system. Fractional calculus has emerged as a powerful tool for modeling complex disease dynamics due to its promising features that inherently capture memory and hereditary effects. This paper presents a fractional-order Proteasome-Fibril interaction model (F-PFIM) for the dynamics of PD, represented by three fractional differential classes, showing concentrations of fibrils (F), proteasomes (P), and proteasome fibril complex (C). The three classes of the F-PFIM collectively make a controlling system that works for the clearance… More > Graphic Abstract

Wenwen Hu¹, Xinzhan Li², Tao Luo^2,*, Li Li²

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.20, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2026.077120 - 18 May 2026

Abstract This study experimentally investigates the Hybrid Effect of Steel Fiber (SF) and Recycled Rubber Powder (RRP) on Freeze-Thaw (F-T) Resistance and Pore Structure of Concrete. With respect to the mechanical properties of Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) before and after F-T cycles, the mixture incorporating 1.5% SF and 10% RRP achieves the optimal performance, exhibiting a distinct positive hybrid effect with the γ of the tensile-to-compressive strength ratio of 1.427. The synergistic interaction between SF and RRP preserves the compressive strength and significantly enhances the tensile performance of SRC. Meanwhile, it alleviates the degradation of mechanical More >

Xiaodong Jia^1,*, Xiao Li², Yi Zhao³

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.20, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2026.077108 - 18 May 2026

Abstract With the increasing environmental pressure caused by waste plastic (WP), incorporating recycled plastics into asphalt concrete has become a promising strategy for sustainable pavement construction. In this study, waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was utilized to replace mineral aggregates through a dry process, and the effects of particle size and replacement level on the mechanical performance of asphalt concrete were systematically evaluated. High-temperature deformation resistance was assessed using wheel-tracking tests, followed by dynamic modulus measurements to examine the viscoelastic behavior and structural stiffness. Low-temperature cracking resistance was studied through fracture toughness and fracture energy tests, and… More >

Mingxia Li^1,*, Haowei Xu¹, Ruiqi Li¹, Bo Song², Wanxu Zhu^1,*

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.20, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2026.075587 - 18 May 2026

Abstract Conventional fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors used for tensile monitoring have a limited measurement range and therefore cannot cover the entire service stage of prestressed carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)–strengthened members. In this study, a smart CFRP plate is developed by embedding a wide-range FBG sensor in a prestressed CFRP plate. Based on strain-transfer theory for the grating region, an analytical expression for the average strain-transfer rate is derived and then used to inversely design the groove geometry and bonding parameters; the resulting groove size is 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm. During bonding, a tensile force of… More >

Mohsin Sayeed^1,*, O. P. Singh¹, Vishal Singh Chandel², Azam Raza³, Kamal Batcha Mohamed Ismail⁴, Mayur Khan⁵, Navshad Alam^6,7, Mohammad Shariq⁸

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.079721 - 09 May 2026

Abstract An eco-friendly one-pot hydrothermal method was developed to synthesize molybdenum disulfide/graphene oxide (MoS₂/GO) nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitor applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of the MoS₂ crystalline phase, with reduced peak intensities upon GO incorporation, indicating suppressed crystallite growth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed rod-like MoS₂ structures uniformly distributed across layered GO sheets, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of Mo, S, C, and O elements. Raman and FTIR analyses verified strong interfacial interactions between MoS₂ and GO. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements revealed a mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of ~31.7 m² g⁻¹ and… More >

Jesús Rosa-Bilbao^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.080490 - 08 May 2026

Abstract The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures with Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) remains challenging due to the reliance on complex, tightly coupled back-end systems or centralized oracle services that hinder scalability, maintainability, and trust. This paper introduces a lightweight middleware architecture based on a Low-Code Development Platform (LCDP) that enables flexible and secure IoT-to-blockchain orchestration. We develop a custom workflow extension for the n8n platform that supports direct interaction with smart contracts, thereby removing the need for third-party oracle intermediaries. The proposed system was evaluated in a real-world deployment involving a network of Netatmo More >