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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Production of Activated Biochar from Palm Kernel Shell for Methylene Blue Removal

    Sarina Sulaiman*, Muhammad Faris

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0105 - 23 January 2026

    Abstract In this study, Palm kernel shell (PKS) is utilized as a raw material to produce activated biochar as adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater, specifically methylene blue (MB) dye, by utilizing a simplified and cost-effective approach. Production of activated biochar was carried out using both a furnace and a domestic microwave oven without an inert atmosphere. Three samples of palm kernel shell (PKS) based activated biochar labeled as samples A, B and C were carbonized inside the furnace at 800°C for 1 h and then activated using the microwave-heating technique with varying heating times (0,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Analysis of Lateritic Soil Reinforced with Palm Kernel Shells for Use as a Sub-Base Layer for Low-Traffic Roads

    Joel Koti1,2,*, Crespin P. Yabi3, Mohamed Gibigaye1, Anne Millien2, Christophe Petit2

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.5, pp. 1469-1482, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.021902 - 27 May 2022

    Abstract In tropical areas, palm oil production generates significant amounts of waste, including palm kernel shells. The use of this waste in the civil engineering sector, presents a very challenging task. In the present study, the production of lateritic soil (A-2 in GTR classification and A-7-6 (9) in HRB classification) reinforced with palm kernel shells is considered. In order to improve their performances, these materials are mixed using the Fuller’s parabolic law. Moreover, experimental tests are used to characterize the physical and mechanical geotechnical properties of the lateritic soil. After characterizing the matrix (i.e., lateritic soil)… More >

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