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    ARTICLE

    Raloxifene-loaded and aptamer-bonded exosomes induce autophagic and apoptotic death in HeLa cells by enhancing the lysosomotropic effect

    OMER ERDOGAN1, GULEN MELIKE DEMIRBOLAT2, OZGE CEVIK1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.5, pp. 1051-1063, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.028129

    Abstract Background: Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is also known to be a lysosomotropic agent. The bioavailability of raloxifene is around 2% due to extensive hepatic transport. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles that are naturally released from cells. Method: In this study, exosomes released from HeLa cervical cancer cells were loaded with raloxifene to increase its bioavailability, and an aptamer was attached to the exosome membrane for targeting only HeLa cells. Characterization of exosomes isolated from HeLa cells was performed by transmission electron microscopy, zeta sizer, and western blotting. In addition, the cytotoxic, apoptotic, autophagic, and lysosomotropic effects of the prepared… More >

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