Qiuyang Wang, Zhen Xu^*, Lei Yang

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 1613-1630, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047915

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have the trouble of limited battery power, and wireless charging provides a promising solution to this problem, which is not easily affected by the external environment. In this paper, we study the recharging of sensors in wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) by scheduling two mobile chargers (MCs) to collaboratively charge sensors. We first formulate a novel sensor charging scheduling problem with the objective of maximizing the number of surviving sensors, and further propose a collaborative charging scheduling algorithm (CCSA) for WRSNs. In the scheme, the sensors are divided into important sensors and ordinary sensors. Two MCs… More >

Haosong Gou¹, Gaoyi Zhang¹, Renê Ripardo Calixto², Senthil Kumar Jagatheesaperumal³, Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque^2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.140, No.1, pp. 1077-1102, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.047806

Abstract Large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a critical role in monitoring dangerous scenarios and responding to medical emergencies. However, the inherent instability and error-prone nature of wireless links present significant challenges, necessitating efficient data collection and reliable transmission services. This paper addresses the limitations of existing data transmission and recovery protocols by proposing a systematic end-to-end design tailored for medical event-driven cluster-based large-scale WSNs. The primary goal is to enhance the reliability of data collection and transmission services, ensuring a comprehensive and practical approach. Our approach focuses on refining the hop-count-based routing scheme to achieve fairness in forwarding reliability. Additionally,… More >

Shereen K. Refaay¹, Samia A. Ali², Moumen T. El-Melegy², Louai A. Maghrabi³, Hamdy H. El-Sayed^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.1, pp. 873-897, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.044982

Abstract The structural optimization of wireless sensor networks is a critical issue because it impacts energy consumption and hence the network’s lifetime. Many studies have been conducted for homogeneous networks, but few have been performed for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. This paper utilizes Rao algorithms to optimize the structure of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks according to node locations and their initial energies. The proposed algorithms lack algorithm-specific parameters and metaphorical connotations. The proposed algorithms examine the search space based on the relations of the population with the best, worst, and randomly assigned solutions. The proposed algorithms can be evaluated using any… More >

Thi-Kien Dao¹, Trong-The Nguyen^1,2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.3, pp. 2201-2237, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029880

Abstract Localization or positioning scheme in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the most challenging and fundamental operations in various monitoring or tracking applications because the network deploys a large area and allocates the acquired location information to unknown devices. The metaheuristic approach is one of the most advantageous ways to deal with this challenging issue and overcome the disadvantages of the traditional methods that often suffer from computational time problems and small network deployment scale. This study proposes an enhanced whale optimization algorithm that is an advanced metaheuristic algorithm based on the siege mechanism (SWOA) for node localization in… More >

Shadi Al-Sarawi¹, Mohammed Anbar^1,*, Basim Ahmad Alabsi², Mohammad Adnan Aladaileh³, Shaza Dawood Ahmed Rihan²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 491-515, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.041108

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of interconnected smart devices communicating and collecting data. The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the standard protocol for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) in the IoT. However, RPL is vulnerable to various attacks, including the sinkhole attack, which disrupts the network by manipulating routing information. This paper proposes the Unweighted Voting Method (UVM) for sinkhole node identification, utilizing three key behavioral indicators: DODAG Information Object (DIO) Transaction Frequency, Rank Harmony, and Power Consumption. These indicators have been carefully selected based on their contribution to sinkhole attack detection and other relevant… More >

Yonghui Lin¹, Zhengyu Zhu^2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.1, pp. 663-677, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.028584

Abstract In this paper, we investigate IRS-aided user cooperation (UC) scheme in millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless-powered sensor networks (WPSN), where two single-antenna users are wireless powered in the wireless energy transfer (WET) phase first and then cooperatively transmit information to a hybrid access point (AP) in the wireless information transmission (WIT) phase, following which the IRS is deployed to enhance the system performance of the WET and WIT. We maximized the weighted sum-rate problem by jointly optimizing the transmit time slots, power allocations, and the phase shifts of the IRS. Due to the non-convexity of the original problem, a semidefinite programming… More >

Omar Reyad^1,2, Hazem Ibrahim Shehata^1,3, Mohamed Esmail Karar^1,4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.2, pp. 1689-1700, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.039084

Abstract Falling is among the most harmful events older adults may encounter. With the continuous growth of the aging population in many societies, developing effective fall detection mechanisms empowered by machine learning technologies and easily integrable with existing healthcare systems becomes essential. This paper presents a new healthcare Internet of Health Things (IoHT) architecture built around an ensemble machine learning-based fall detection system (FDS) for older people. Compared to deep neural networks, the ensemble multi-stage random forest model allows the extraction of an optimal subset of fall detection features with minimal hyperparameters. The number of cascaded random forest stages is automatically… More >

Yingying Chen¹, Weiqiang Tan², Shidang Li^3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.137, No.3, pp. 2675-2691, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.028533

Abstract In this paper, a novel fairness-aware harvested energy efficiency-based green transmission scheme for wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) aided sensor networks is developed for active beamforming of multiantenna transmitter and passive beamforming at intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS). By optimizing the active beamformer assignment at the transmitter in conjunction with the passive beamformer assignment at the IRS, we aim to maximize the minimum harvested energy efficiency among all the energy receivers (ER) where information receivers (IR) are bound to the signal-interference-noise-ratio (SINR) and the maximum transmitted power of the transmitter. To handle the non-convex problem, both semi-definite relaxation (SDR) and… More >

Sami Saeed Binyamin¹, Mahmoud Ragab^2,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 105-119, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.037311

Abstract Cognitive radio wireless sensor networks (CRWSN) can be defined as a promising technology for developing bandwidth-limited applications. CRWSN is widely utilized by future Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Since a promising technology, Cognitive Radio (CR) can be modelled to alleviate the spectrum scarcity issue. Generally, CRWSN has cognitive radio-enabled sensor nodes (SNs), which are energy limited. Hierarchical cluster-related techniques for overall network management can be suitable for the scalability and stability of the network. This paper focuses on designing the Modified Dwarf Mongoose Optimization Enabled Energy Aware Clustering (MDMO-EAC) Scheme for CRWSN. The MDMO-EAC technique mainly intends to group the… More >

Mohammed Altaf Ahmed¹, T. Satyanarayana Murthy², Fayadh Alenezi³, E. Laxmi Lydia⁴, Seifedine Kadry^5,6,7, Yena Kim⁸, Yunyoung Nam^8,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 1283-1297, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.035786

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) play a vital role in several real-time applications ranging from military to civilian. Despite the benefits of WSN, energy efficiency becomes a major part of the challenging issue in WSN, which necessitate proper load balancing amongst the clusters and serves a wider monitoring region. The clustering technique for WSN has several benefits: lower delay, higher energy efficiency, and collision avoidance. But clustering protocol has several challenges. In a large-scale network, cluster-based protocols mainly adapt multi-hop routing to save energy, leading to hot spot problems. A hot spot problem becomes a problem where a cluster node nearer… More >