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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Mitigating the Dynamic Load Altering Attack on Load Frequency Control with Network Parameter Regulation

    Yunhao Yu1, Boda Zhang1, Meiling Dizha1, Ruibin Wen1, Fuhua Luo1, Xiang Guo1, Zhenyong Zhang2,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-19, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070577 - 09 December 2025

    Abstract Load frequency control (LFC) is a critical function to balance the power consumption and generation. The grid frequency is a crucial indicator for maintaining balance. However, the widely used information and communication infrastructure for LFC increases the risk of being attacked by malicious actors. The dynamic load altering attack (DLAA) is a typical attack that can destabilize the power system, causing the grid frequency to deviate from its nominal value. Therefore, in this paper, we mathematically analyze the impact of DLAA on the stability of the grid frequency and propose the network parameter regulation (NPR)… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Smart Grid Security by Embedding S-Box Advanced Encryption Standard

    Niraj Kumar1,*, Vishnu Mohan Mishra2, Adesh Kumar3

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.34, No.1, pp. 623-638, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.024804 - 15 April 2022

    Abstract Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems continuously monitor the real-time processes in the smart grid. The system software, which is based on a human-machine interface (HMI), makes intelligent decisions to assist the system operator and perform normal grid management activities. The management of SCADA networks and monitoring without proper security is a major concern, as many grids and plant networks still lack necessary monitoring and detection systems, making them vulnerable to attack. SCADA networks exploit physical weaknesses as well as cyber-attacks. Researchers have developed a monitoring system based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)… More >

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