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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection and the upregulation of TLR3

    LING GONG1, HUAJUN YANG1, YING HUANG2, ZHU LI1, JIN NIE3, MENG YE4, PENG XIE5, DAISHUN LIU2,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.4, pp. 1025-1032, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.018248 - 15 December 2021

    Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is known as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). RSV infection induces the upregulation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). This study aimed to investigate the association of TLR3 with RSV induced acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Serum/sputum samples from AECOPD patients, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (SCOPD) patients, and healthy controls were collected. Nested PCR was used to detect RSV. The lung function parameters were assessed by blood gas and lung function analysis. The expression levels of inflammatory factors in sputum and serum samples… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Skin innate immune response to flaviviral infection

    Magali Garcia1,2, Michel Wehbe1, Nicolas Lévêque1,2, Charles Bodet1

    European Cytokine Network, Vol.28, No.2, pp. 41-51, 2017, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2017.0394

    Abstract Skin is a complex organ and the largest interface of the human body exposed to numerous stress and pathogens. Skin is composed of different cell types that together perform essential functions such as pathogen sensing, barrier maintenance and immunity, at once providing the first line of defense against microbial infections and ensuring skin homeostasis. Being inoculated directly through the epidermis and the dermis during a vector blood meal, emerging Dengue, Zika and West Nile mosquito-borne viruses lead to the initiation of the innate immune response in resident skin cells and to the activation of dendritic More >

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