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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Multiphysics Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer in Titanium Slag Smelting within an Electric Arc Furnace

    Yifan Wang1, Shan Qing1,2,*, Jifan Li1,3,*, Xiaohui Zhang1,3, Junxiao Wang4

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.9, pp. 2253-2272, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.067429 - 30 September 2025

    Abstract Heat and mass transfer within an electric arc furnace are strongly influenced by extreme temperatures and complex electromagnetic fields. Variations in temperature distribution play a crucial role in determining melt flow patterns and in the formation of stagnant regions, commonly referred to as dead zones. To better understand the internal flow dynamics and thermal behavior of the furnace, this study develops a multiphysics coupled model that integrates fluid heat transfer with Maxwell’s electromagnetic field equations. Numerical simulations are conducted to systematically examine how key operational parameters, such as electric current and arc characteristics, affect the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Influence of Anthracite-to-Ilmenite-Ratio on Element Distribution in Titanium Slag Smelting in Large DC Furnaces

    Shihong Huang1, Ting Lei2, Yan Cui3, Zhifeng Nie4,*

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.4, pp. 883-896, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.018537 - 06 April 2022

    Abstract The distribution of titanium, carbon and associated elements (calcium, magnesium, silicon and aluminum) in a smelting process is studied by means of a chemical equilibrium calculation method for multiphase and multicomponent systems, and verified through comparison with production results. In particular, using the coexistence theory for titanium slag structures, the influence of the AIR (anthracite to ilmenite ratio) on the distribution of such elements is analyzed. The results show that the AIR can be adjusted to achieve a selective reduction of oxides in the melt. More >

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