Lingyun Xiang^1,*, Nian Li², Yuling Liu³, Jiayong Hu¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.073347 - 12 January 2026

Abstract The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has driven the pervasive adoption of AI-generated content (AIGC), while also raising concerns about misinformation, academic misconduct, biased or harmful content, and other risks. Detecting AI-generated text has thus become essential to safeguard the authenticity and reliability of digital information. This survey reviews recent progress in detection methods, categorizing approaches into passive and active categories based on their reliance on intrinsic textual features or embedded signals. Passive detection is further divided into surface linguistic feature-based and language model-based methods, whereas active detection encompasses watermarking-based and semantic retrieval-based More >

Chao Li^1,3,#, Jianing Wang^1,3,#, Caichang Ding^2,*, Zhiwei Ye^1,3

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.071242 - 12 January 2026

Abstract Underwater images frequently suffer from chromatic distortion, blurred details, and low contrast, posing significant challenges for enhancement. This paper introduces AquaTree, a novel underwater image enhancement (UIE) method that reformulates the task as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) through the integration of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The framework employs an action space of 25 enhancement operators, strategically grouped for basic attribute adjustment, color component balance, correction, and deblurring. Exploration within MCTS is guided by a dual-branch convolutional network, enabling intelligent sequential operator selection. Our core contributions include: (1) a More >

Agit Amrullah, Ferda Ernawan^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-16, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069229 - 09 December 2025

Abstract This paper proposes a tamper detection technique for semi-fragile watermarking using Quantization-based Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for tamper localization. In this study, the proposed embedding strategy is investigated by experimental tests over the diagonal order of the DCT coefficients. The cover image is divided into non-overlapping blocks of size 8 × 8 pixels. The DCT is applied to each block, and the coefficients are arranged using a zig-zag pattern within the block. In this study, the low-frequency coefficients are selected to examine the impact of the imperceptibility score and tamper detection accuracy. High accuracy of… More >

Xinwei Zhu, Jianxun Zhang^*, Huan Zeng

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-25, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068578 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Underwater images often affect the effectiveness of underwater visual tasks due to problems such as light scattering, color distortion, and detail blurring, limiting their application performance. Existing underwater image enhancement methods, although they can improve the image quality to some extent, often lead to problems such as detail loss and edge blurring. To address these problems, we propose FENet, an efficient underwater image enhancement method. FENet first obtains three different scales of images by image downsampling and then transforms them into the frequency domain to extract the low-frequency and high-frequency spectra, respectively. Then, a distance… More >

Nikhil S. Mane¹, Sheetal Kumar Dewangan^2,*, Sayantan Mukherjee³, Pradnyavati Mane⁴, Deepak Kumar Singh¹, Ravindra Singh Saluja⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-16, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.072090 - 10 November 2025

Abstract The thermal conductivity of nanofluids is an important property that influences the heat transfer capabilities of nanofluids. Researchers rely on experimental investigations to explore nanofluid properties, as it is a necessary step before their practical application. As these investigations are time and resource-consuming undertakings, an effective prediction model can significantly improve the efficiency of research operations. In this work, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed to predict the thermal conductivity of metal oxide water-based nanofluid. For this, a comprehensive set of 691 data points was collected from the literature. This dataset is split More >

Qiuling Wu^1,*, Hao Li¹, Mingjian Li¹, Ming Wang²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-20, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068220 - 10 November 2025

Abstract Digital watermarking technology plays an important role in detecting malicious tampering and protecting image copyright. However, in practical applications, this technology faces various problems such as severe image distortion, inaccurate localization of the tampered regions, and difficulty in recovering content. Given these shortcomings, a fragile image watermarking algorithm for tampering blind-detection and content self-recovery is proposed. The multi-feature watermarking authentication code (AC) is constructed using texture feature of local binary patterns (LBP), direct coefficient of discrete cosine transform (DCT) and contrast feature of gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) for detecting the tampered region, and the… More >

Totan Kumar Ghosh¹, Md. Roushonuzzaman Rakib¹, Munna¹, S. M. Zubair AL-Meraj¹, Md. Moshiul Islam², Anika Nazran¹, Mohammad Golam Mostofa^3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3925-3943, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073382 - 29 December 2025

Abstract The productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an economically important legume, is severely hindered by drought stress. While melatonin (Mel) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are known to alleviate abiotic stresses, their combined effects in mitigating drought-induced oxidative stress are unknown. Here, we examined the synergistic effects of Mel and MeJA in alleviating drought-associated oxidative damage in common bean. Compared with well-watered controls, drought stress caused a significant decline in plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and photosystem II efficiency (F_v/F_m). Drought also significantly increased hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation, which likely contributed to membrane lipid peroxidation, as indicated by… More >

Ke Shen^1,2,*, Dan Zeng^1,2, Changhao Wang¹, Lei Wang¹, Yuliang Dong¹

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 1957-1980, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.070396 - 31 December 2025

Abstract Ice accretion on aircraft poses a critical threat to flight safety by significantly altering aerodynamic performance. This study presents a novel numerical framework for ice accretion prediction, developed by extending the Myers model and incorporating an advanced multi-step approach. The proposed framework integrates ice layer growth into the modeling of unsteady water film dynamics and introduces a revised criterion for determining the icing condition. A multi-step scheme, accounting for the continuous variation of physical parameters, is implemented to enhance computational accuracy. The framework is validated through simulations on both 2D and 3D configurations. For the… More > Graphic Abstract

Noor Moneer Basher¹, Omar Rafae Alomar^1,*, Omar Mohammed Ali², Diyar Abdullah Ahmed³

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 2001-2024, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.066997 - 31 December 2025

Abstract The energy consumption of a Split air conditioning unit (ACU) inside a building is extremely large, and efforts to decrease this issue are ongoing. The current work aims to experimentally investigate the thermal performance of ACU using an external cooling-water loop for pre-cooling the condenser to improve the efficiency and to reduce energy consumption by reducing refrigerant temperature before entering the condenser, thereby reducing the coefficient of performance. The experiments are performed on ACU with and without using an external cooling-water loop under different climate conditions. By using the experimental data, the systems’ performances for… More >

Zhimin Zhao, Liyun Feng, Dongsheng Song, Ming Zhang^*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.42, No.4, pp. 929-957, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jpm.2025.074529 - 26 December 2025

Abstract Global water pollution is becoming increasingly serious, and compound pollutants such as heavy metals and organic dyes pose multidimensional threats to ecology and human health. Metal-organic skeleton compounds (MOFs) have been proven to be highly efficient in capturing a variety of pollutants by virtue of their large specific surface area, adjustable pore channels, and abundant active sites. However, the easy agglomeration of powders, the difficulty of recycling, and the poor long-term stability have limited their practical applications. Cellulose, as the most abundant renewable polymer in nature, has the characteristics of a three-dimensional network, mechanical flexibility,… More >