Shigen Shen1,2, Xiaojun Ji1,*, Yimeng Liu1
CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3997-4021, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069332
- 23 September 2025
Abstract The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated cyber threats, particularly zero-day attacks that exploit unknown vulnerabilities and evade traditional security measures. To address this critical challenge, this paper proposes a dynamic defense framework named Zero-day-aware Stackelberg Game-based Multi-Agent Distributed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (ZSG-MAD3PG). The framework integrates Stackelberg game modeling with the Multi-Agent Distributed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MAD3PG) algorithm and incorporates defensive deception (DD) strategies to achieve adaptive and efficient protection. While conventional methods typically incur considerable resource overhead and exhibit higher latency due to static or rigid defensive mechanisms,… More >