Wenfei Yi¹, Mingzhong Zheng¹, Jiayi Wang², Hao Yang^2,*, Zhenglong Sun²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072770 - 27 March 2026

Abstract With the growing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and smart interconnected devices, conventional distribution networks have turned to active distribution networks (ADNs) with complex system model and power flow dynamics. The rapid fluctuation of RES power may easily result in frequent voltage violation issues. Taking the flexible RES reactive power as control variables, this paper proposes a two-layer control scheme with Koopman wide neural network (WNN) based model predictive control (MPC) method for optimal voltage regulation and network loss reduction. Based on Koopman operator theory, a data-driven WNN method is presented to fit a… More >

Song Zhang, Yang Yu^*, Shuguang Li, Xue Li

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072333 - 27 February 2026

Abstract Thermal storage electric heating (TSEH), as a prevalent variable load resource, offers significant potential for enhancing system flexibility when aggregated into a cluster. To address the uncertainties of renewable energy and load forecasting in active distribution networks (ADN), this paper proposes a multi-timescale coordinated optimal dispatch strategy that incorporates TSEH clusters. It utilizes the thermal storage characteristics and short-term regulation capabilities of TSEH, along with the rapid and gradual response characteristics of resources in active distribution grids, to develop a coordinated optimization dispatch mechanism for day-ahead, intraday, and real-time stages. It provides a coordinated optimized… More > Graphic Abstract

Hongsheng Su¹, Wenyao Su¹, Yulong Che^1,*, Xiping Ma², Tian Zhao¹, Limiao Ren¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4777-4797, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068134 - 27 October 2025

Abstract Aiming at the issues of insufficient carrying capacity, limited flexibility, and weak source-network-load-storage coordination capability in distribution networks under the background of high-proportion new energy integration. This study proposes a bi-level optimization model for ADN integrating hybrid wind-solar-hydrogen-storage systems. First, an electro-hydrogen coupling system framework is constructed, including models for electrolytic hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and fuel cells. Meanwhile, typical scenarios of wind-solar joint output are developed using Copula functions to characterize the variability of renewable energy generation. Second, a bi-level optimization model for ADN with electrolytic hydrogen production and storage systems is established: the… More >

Xin Zhang^1,*, Shixing Zhang¹, Lina Chen², Jihong Zhang¹, Peihong Yang¹, Zilei Zhang¹, Xiaoming Zhang¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.9, pp. 3647-3679, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067035 - 26 August 2025

Abstract A park hydrogen-doped integrated energy system (PHIES) can maximize energy utilization as a system with multiple supplies. To realize win-win cooperation between the PHIES and active distribution network (ADN), the cooperative operation problem of multi-PHIES connected to the same ADN is studied. A low-carbon hybrid game coordination strategy for multi-PHIES accessing ADN based on dynamic carbon base price is proposed in the paper. Firstly, multi-PHIES are constructed to form a PHIES alliance, including a hydrogen-doped gas turbine (HGT), hydrogen-doped gas boiler (HGB), power to gas and carbon capture system (P2G-CCS), and other equipment. Secondly, a… More > Graphic Abstract

Chenxu Wang^*, Jing Bian, Rui Yuan

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 985-1003, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059559 - 07 March 2025

Abstract Considering the uncertainty of grid connection of electric vehicle charging stations and the uncertainty of new energy and residential electricity load, a spatio-temporal decoupling strategy of dynamic reactive power optimization based on clustering-local relaxation-correction is proposed. Firstly, the k-medoids clustering algorithm is used to divide the reduced power scene into periods. Then, the discrete variables and continuous variables are optimized in the same period of time. Finally, the number of input groups of parallel capacitor banks (CB) in multiple periods is fixed, and then the secondary static reactive power optimization correction is carried out by… More >

Yukai Li^1,*, Ruixue Zhang¹, Yongfeng Ni¹, Hongkai Qiu¹, Yuning Zhang², Chunming Liu²

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 681-707, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.058981 - 31 January 2025

Abstract Aiming at the problems of increasing uncertainty of low-carbon generation energy in active distribution network (ADN) and the difficulty of security assessment of distribution network, this paper proposes a two-phase scheduling model for flexible resources in ADN based on probabilistic risk perception. First, a full-cycle probabilistic trend sequence is constructed based on the source-load historical data, and in the day-ahead scheduling phase, the response interval of the flexibility resources on the load and storage side is optimized based on the probabilistic trend, with the probability of the security boundary as the security constraint, and with… More >

Bo Yang¹, Rui Zhang¹, Jie Zhang², Xianlong Cheng², Jiale Li³, Yimin Zhou¹, Yuanweiji Hu¹, Bin He¹, Gongshuai Zhang⁴, Xiuping Du⁴, Si Ji⁵, Yiyan Sang⁶, Zhengxun Guo^7,8,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.12, pp. 3487-3547, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.054662 - 22 November 2024

Abstract In recent years, the large-scale grid connection of various distributed power sources has made the planning and operation of distribution grids increasingly complex. Consequently, a large number of active distribution network reconfiguration techniques have emerged to reduce system losses, improve system safety, and enhance power quality via switching switches to change the system topology while ensuring the radial structure of the network. While scholars have previously reviewed these methods, they all have obvious shortcomings, such as a lack of systematic integration of methods, vague classification, lack of constructive suggestions for future study, etc. Therefore, this… More >

Guobin He^*, Rui Su, Jinxin Yang, Yuanping Huang, Huanlin Chen, Donghui Zhang, Cangtao Yang, Wenwen Li

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.9, pp. 2133-2154, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.029007 - 03 August 2023

Abstract In the framework of vigorous promotion of low-carbon power system growth as well as economic globalization, multi-resource penetration in active distribution networks has been advancing fiercely. In particular, distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy is critical for active distribution network operation enhancement. To comprehensively analyze the accessing impact of DG in distribution networks from various parts, this paper establishes an optimal DG location and sizing planning model based on active power losses, voltage profile, pollution emissions, and the economics of DG costs as well as meteorological conditions. Subsequently, multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is… More >

Fei Zeng¹, Zhinong Wei¹, Haiteng Han^1,*, Yang Chen²

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.5, pp. 1067-1080, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.022479 - 20 February 2023

Abstract A blockchain-based power transaction method is proposed for Active Distribution Network (ADN), considering the poor security and high cost of a centralized power trading system. Firstly, the decentralized blockchain structure of the ADN power transaction is built and the transaction information is kept in blocks. Secondly, considering the transaction needs between users and power suppliers in ADN, an energy request mechanism is proposed, and the optimization objective function is designed by integrating cost aware requests and storage aware requests. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for multi-objective optimal search to find the power More >