Sy-Yu Shiau^*, Shuting Ni, Yanli Yu, Songling Cai, Wenbo Huang

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.10, pp. 3047-3060, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.070289 - 29 October 2025

Abstract Consumers are increasingly demanding natural colorants that are safe and offer health benefits. In addition to their ornamental characteristics, Kanzan cherry (KC) blossoms present a promising source of red-hued natural colorants and functional bioactive substances. This research utilized distilled water to extract KC petals (KCP) and their ground powders (KCPP) under varying temperatures (30°C–90°C) and times (30–180 min). The total monomeric anthocyanins (TMAC) and total phenolics (TPC) in the extracts were evaluated via the pH differential and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. Antioxidant capacities were assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging ability and reducing power. Results indicated that… More >

Zhong Ren^1,2,3,#, Shuiming Zhang^1,#, Yuzhi Fei¹, Zhu Chen³, Yue Zhao³, Xin Meng³, Hongfei Zhao^2,*, Jie Ren^3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.9, pp. 2927-2947, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067310 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Acer paxii belongs to the evergreen species of Acer, but it exhibits a unique feature of reddish leaves in fall in subtropical regions. Although the association of AP2/ERF transcription factors with color change has been well-documented in prior research, molecular investigations focusing on AP2/ERF remain notably lacking in Acer paxii. This research focuses on performing an extensive genome-wide investigation to identify and characterize the AP2/ERF gene family in Acer paxii. As a result, 123 ApAP2/ERFs were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses categorized the ApAP2/ERF family members into 15 subfamilies. The evolutionary traits of the ApAP2/ERFs were investigated by analyzing their… More >

Claude Y. Hamany Djande, Paul A. Steenkamp, Ian A. Dubery^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.4, pp. 1269-1286, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.062392 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Centella asiatica L., a medicinal herb, has attracted substantial interest in research as well as commercial domains due to its bioactive compounds which include the pentacyclic triterpenoid centellosides, and in addition, hydroxy. In addition, hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates as well as flavonoids. The latter is the major class of secondary plant metabolites and comprises various subclasses, including anthocyanidins. Anthocyanins are rarely reported in extracts from C. asiatica and differ structurally due to a flavylium (2-phenylchromenylium) ion that carries a positive charge at the oxygen atom of the C-ring of the basic flavonoid structure. Callus of C. asiatica was initiated… More >

Yue Zhao^1,2,#, Shah Faheem Afzal^2,#, Zhu Chen², Khan Arif Kamal^1,2, Yuzhi Fei², Xin Meng^1,2, Jie Ren^2,*, Hua Liu^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.11, pp. 3109-3130, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.056548 - 30 November 2024

Abstract Acer rubrum is an important garden color-leafed plant. Its leaves will turn red in autumn, which is of great ornamental value. The leaf color change in Acer rubrum is closely associated with anthocyanins accumulation. In anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation, various transcription factor families play significant regulatory roles, including the basic (region) leucine zipper (bZIP). However, there is no report on the systematic identification and functional analysis of the bZIPs in Acer rubrum. In this study, 137 bZIPs distributed on 29 chromosomes of Acer rubrum were identified and renamed according to their locations on the chromosomes. According to the constructed… More >

WENBIN LUO¹, YULING ZOU², HONGXI WU³, ZHONGYI YANG¹, ZHIPENG YOU^2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.8, pp. 1275-1284, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.051045 - 02 August 2024

Abstract Background: Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that affects patients’ vision. Previous studies have found blueberry anthocyanins extract (BAE) can inhibit the progression of DR, but its mechanism is not completely clear. Methods: To study the role of BAE in diabetes retinopathy, we treated human retinal endothelial cells (HRCECs) with 30 mM high glucose to simulate the microenvironment of diabetes retinopathy and used BAE to intervene the in vitro high glucose-induced retinopathy model. HRCEC cell viability and apoptosis rates were examined by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry assay. The binding… More >

Dongbo Wu^1,#, Shuang Qu^2,#, Lianwen Shen², Shengqun Chen², Xia Jiang^2,3, Ai Rao¹, Yuxue Zhao^2,*, Yueyun Wang^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.7, pp. 1455-1466, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.051652 - 30 July 2024

Abstract Cymbidium goeringii is an economically important ornamental plant, and flower color is one of the main features of C. goeringii that contributes to its high economic value. To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanins in mediating differences in color among varieties, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to perform anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics of seven C. goeringii varieties, including ‘Jin Qian Yuan’ (JQY), ‘Jin Xiu Qian Yuan’ (JXQY), ‘Miao Jiang Su Die’ (MJSD), ‘Qian Ming Su’ (QMS), ‘Shi Chan’ (SC), and ‘Yang Ming Su’ (YMS), as well as the C. goeringii. We detected 64 anthocyanins, including cyanidins, delphinidins,… More >

Fangye Liu^1,#, Jiaping Qu^1,#, Yajun Li¹, Jiawei Fan¹, Yumeng Cui¹, Jingwen Wu¹, Xueqi Gu¹, Xia Li^2,*, He Huang^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.7, pp. 1599-1621, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.051386 - 30 July 2024

Abstract Chrysanthemum × morifolium is a horticultural crop which plays a vital role in the flower industry with significant economic value and has a cultivation history of over three thousand years in China. The accumulation of anthocyanins is always affected by light. Here, we revealed that anthocyanin accumulation is highly dependent on light in ‘2021135’ genotype chrysanthemum, while it is light-independent in ‘2001402’ genotype chrysanthemum. However, no literature has been reported regarding the non-photosensitive chrysanthemum in anthocyanins light-independent synthesis pathways. Through the phenotype analysis of 44 F generations, we found that light-independence is a dominant trait which… More >

Jialei Guo^1,2, Fengzhen Li², Guomin Shi³, Weimin Zhao², Tao He^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.2, pp. 343-353, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.047429 - 27 February 2024

Abstract Anthocyanins, ubiquitous in the Compositae family, are regulated by MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), playing an important role in anthocyanin synthesis. In this study, we analyzed the regulation pathway in which the MYB protein of subgroup 6 promotes dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) expression in Compositae, and validated this law in Saussurea medusa through yeast one-hybrid experiments. Our results showed that MYB and DFR underwent purification selection, DFR promoter analysis revealed the presence of MYB binding site (GAGTTGAATGG) and bHLH binding site (CANNTG) at the sense strand of 84–116 nucleotide residues from the start codon. These two More >

Juan Yan¹, Wenchao Li¹, Xianfang Zhang¹, Shisheng Liu^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.1, pp. 71-87, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.028927 - 23 January 2024

Abstract In this study, intelligent, pH-responsive colorimetric films were prepared by encapsulating anthocyanins in nanocomplexes prepared from glutenin and carboxymethyl chitosan. These nanocomplexes were added to a corn starch matrix and used in the freshness monitoring of chilled pork. The effects of anthocyanin-loaded nanocomplexes on the physical, structural, and functional characteristics of the films were investigated. The addition of anthocyanin-loaded nanocomplexes increased the tensile strength, elongation at break, hydrophobicity, and light transmittance of the films while decreasing their water vapor permeability. This is because new hydrogen bonds are formed between the film components, resulting in a More >

Xiaolan Guo^1,2, Jinbin Hu³, Shimei Yang⁴, Delu Wang^2,*, Jianbing Wang¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.9, pp. 2683-2697, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.029820 - 28 July 2023

Abstract The F3′5′H gene family plays an important role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, abiotic stress, and hormone signaling. In this study, 14 F3′5′H genes were identified from the blueberry genome. The chromosomal distribution, physicochemical properties, F3′5′H domain, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, and intron/exon compositions were analyzed. The functional prediction analysis of these VcF3′5′Hs indicated that their biological functions included light response and other secondary metabolites. The results of qRT-PCR showed that VcF3′5′Hs (especially VcF3′5′H4) were highly expressed at the ripening stage. Subcellular localization revealed that VcF3′5′H4 may be located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Co-expression analysis showed that the VcF3′5′H More >