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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Enhanced Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance for Service Function Chain Deployment: Advancing Big Data Intelligence in Control Systems

    Peiying Zhang1,2,*, Yihong Yu1,2, Jing Liu3, Chong Lv1,2, Lizhuang Tan4,5, Yulin Zhang6,7,8

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4393-4409, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064654 - 19 May 2025

    Abstract As Internet of Things (IoT) technologies continue to evolve at an unprecedented pace, intelligent big data control and information systems have become critical enablers for organizational digital transformation, facilitating data-driven decision making, fostering innovation ecosystems, and maintaining operational stability. In this study, we propose an advanced deployment algorithm for Service Function Chaining (SFC) that leverages an enhanced Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) mechanism. The main goal is to tackle the issues of security and resource efficiency in SFC implementation across diverse network settings. By integrating blockchain technology and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), our algorithm not… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Hierarchical Security Situation Assessment Approach for Train Control System under Cyber Attacks

    Qichang Li1,2,*, Bing Bu1, Junyi Zhao1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4281-4313, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061525 - 19 May 2025

    Abstract With the integration of informatization and intelligence into the Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) systems, the system is facing an increasing number of information security threats. As an important method of characterizing the system security status, the security situation assessment is used to analyze the system security situation. However, existing situation assessment methods fail to integrate the coupling relationship between the physical layer and the information layer of the CBTC systems, and cannot dynamically characterize the real-time security situation changes under cyber attacks. In this paper, a hierarchical security situation assessment approach is proposed to address… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Innovative Mechanical Ventilation Control for Enhanced Indoor Air Quality and Energy Efficiency

    Giovanni Miracco1,*, Francesco Nicoletti1, Vittorio Ferraro2, Dimitrios Kaliakatsos1

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 861-883, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060750 - 07 March 2025

    Abstract Indoor air quality (IAQ) is often overlooked, yet a poorly maintained environment can lead to significant health issues and reduced concentration and productivity in work or educational settings. This study presents an innovative control system for mechanical ventilation specifically designed for university classrooms, with the dual goal of enhancing IAQ and increasing energy efficiency. Two classrooms with distinct construction characteristics were analyzed: one with exterior walls and windows, and the other completely underground. For each classroom, a model was developed using DesignBuilder software, which was calibrated with experimental data regarding CO₂ concentration, temperature, and relative… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Towards Net Zero Resilience: A Futuristic Architectural Strategy for Cyber-Attack Defence in Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT)

    Hariharan Ramachandran1,*, Richard Smith2, Kenny Awuson David1,*, Tawfik Al-Hadhrami3, Parag Acharya1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.2, pp. 3619-3641, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054802 - 17 February 2025

    Abstract This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA framework integrates security by design principles, micro-segmentation, and Island Mode Operation (IMO) to enhance cyber resilience and ensure continuous, secure operations. The methodology deploys a Forward-Thinking Architecture Strategy (FTAS) algorithm, which utilises an industrial Intrusion Detection System (IDS) implemented with Python’s Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) library. The FTAS algorithm successfully identified and responded to cyber-attacks, ensuring minimal system disruption. ISERA has been validated through comprehensive testing scenarios… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Real-Time Implementation of Quadrotor UAV Control System Based on a Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

    Taha Yacine Trad1,*, Kheireddine Choutri1, Mohand Lagha1, Souham Meshoul2, Fouad Khenfri3, Raouf Fareh4, Hadil Shaiba5

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.3, pp. 4757-4786, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.055634 - 19 December 2024

    Abstract The popularity of quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) stems from their simple propulsion systems and structural design. However, their complex and nonlinear dynamic behavior presents a significant challenge for control, necessitating sophisticated algorithms to ensure stability and accuracy in flight. Various strategies have been explored by researchers and control engineers, with learning-based methods like reinforcement learning, deep learning, and neural networks showing promise in enhancing the robustness and adaptability of quadrotor control systems. This paper investigates a Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach for both high and low-level quadrotor control systems, focusing on attitude stabilization and position… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Design Pattern and Challenges of Federated Learning with Applications in Industrial Control System

    Hina Batool1, Jiuyun Xu1,*, Ateeq Ur Rehman2, Habib Hamam3,4,5,6

    Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.6, pp. 105-128, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jai.2024.049912 - 06 May 2024

    Abstract Federated Learning (FL) appeared as an encouraging approach for handling decentralized data. Creating a FL system needs both machine learning (ML) knowledge and thinking about how to design system software. Researchers have focused a lot on the ML side of FL, but have not paid enough attention to designing the software architecture. So, in this survey, a set of design patterns is described to tackle the design issues. Design patterns are like reusable solutions for common problems that come up when designing software architecture. This paper focuses on (1) design patterns such as architectures, frameworks,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Stroke-Limitation AMD Control System with Variable Gain and Limited Area for High-Rise Buildings

    Zuo-Hua Li1, Qing-Gui Wu1,*, Jun Teng1,*, Chao-Jun Chen1,2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.1, pp. 865-884, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029927 - 22 September 2023

    Abstract Collisions between a moving mass and an anti-collision device increase structural responses and threaten structural safety. An active mass damper (AMD) with stroke limitations is often used to avoid collisions. However, a stroke-limited AMD control system with a fixed limited area shortens the available AMD stroke and leads to significant control power. To solve this problem, the design approach with variable gain and limited area (VGLA) is proposed in this study. First, the boundary of variable-limited areas is calculated based on the real-time status of the moving mass. The variable gain (VG) expression at the More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Modified Elite Opposition-Based Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm for Designing FOPID Controlled Cruise Control System

    Laith Abualigah1,2,3,4,5,6,*, Serdar Ekinci7, Davut Izci7,8, Raed Abu Zitar9

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.38, No.2, pp. 169-183, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.040291 - 05 February 2024

    Abstract Efficient speed controllers for dynamic driving tasks in autonomous vehicles are crucial for ensuring safety and reliability. This study proposes a novel approach for designing a fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller that utilizes a modified elite opposition-based artificial hummingbird algorithm (m-AHA) for optimal parameter tuning. Our approach outperforms existing optimization techniques on benchmark functions, and we demonstrate its effectiveness in controlling cruise control systems with increased flexibility and precision. Our study contributes to the advancement of autonomous vehicle technology by introducing a novel and efficient method for FOPID controller design that can enhance the driving More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Blockchain-Empowered Token-Based Access Control System with User Reputation Evaluation

    Yuzheng Yang*, Zhe Tu, Ying Liu, Huachun Zhou

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.3, pp. 3163-3184, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.043974 - 26 December 2023

    Abstract Currently, data security and privacy protection are becoming more and more important. Access control is a method of authorization for users through predefined policies. Token-based access control (TBAC) enhances the manageability of authorization through the token. However, traditional access control policies lack the ability to dynamically adjust based on user access behavior. Incorporating user reputation evaluation into access control can provide valuable feedback to enhance system security and flexibility. As a result, this paper proposes a blockchain-empowered TBAC system and introduces a user reputation evaluation module to provide feedback on access control. The TBAC system… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    EduASAC: A Blockchain-Based Education Archive Sharing and Access Control System

    Ronglei Hu1, Chuce He1, Yaping Chi2, Xiaoyi Duan1, Xiaohong Fan1, Ping Xu1, Wenbin Gao1,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.3, pp. 3387-3422, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.042000 - 26 December 2023

    Abstract In the education archive sharing system, when performing homomorphic ciphertext retrieval on the storage server, there are problems such as low security of shared data, confusing parameter management, and weak access control. This paper proposes an Education Archives Sharing and Access Control (EduASAC) system to solve these problems. The system research goal is to realize the sharing of security parameters, the execution of access control, and the recording of system behaviors based on the blockchain network, ensuring the legitimacy of shared membership and the security of education archives. At the same time, the system can… More >

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