Borja Bordel Sánchez^1,*, Ramón Alcarria², Tomás Robles¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.3, pp. 3189-3218, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.039466 - 08 October 2023

Abstract Cyber-Physical Systems are very vulnerable to sparse sensor attacks. But current protection mechanisms employ linear and deterministic models which cannot detect attacks precisely. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new non-linear generalized model to describe Cyber-Physical Systems. This model includes unknown multivariable discrete and continuous-time functions and different multiplicative noises to represent the evolution of physical processes and random effects in the physical and computational worlds. Besides, the digitalization stage in hardware devices is represented too. Attackers and most critical sparse sensor attacks are described through a stochastic process. The reconstruction and protection mechanisms… More >

P. Shanmuga Prabha^*, S. Magesh Kumar

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.3, pp. 3101-3119, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.034885 - 15 March 2023

Abstract Today, securing devices connected to the internet is challenging as security threats are generated through various sources. The protection of cyber-physical systems from external attacks is a primary task. The presented method is planned on the prime motive of detecting cybersecurity attacks and their impacted parameters. The proposed architecture employs the LYSIS dataset and formulates Multi Variant Exploratory Data Analysis (MEDA) through Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) for the extraction of unique parameters. The feature mappings are analyzed with Recurrent 2 Convolutional Neural Network (R2CNN) and Gradient Boost Regression (GBR) to More >

A. Ramachandran^1,*, K. Gayathri², Ahmed Alkhayyat³, Rami Q. Malik⁴

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.2, pp. 2177-2194, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.034438 - 09 February 2023

Abstract Cyber-physical system (CPS) is a concept that integrates every computer-driven system interacting closely with its physical environment. Internet-of-things (IoT) is a union of devices and technologies that provide universal interconnection mechanisms between the physical and digital worlds. Since the complexity level of the CPS increases, an adversary attack becomes possible in several ways. Assuring security is a vital aspect of the CPS environment. Due to the massive surge in the data size, the design of anomaly detection techniques becomes a challenging issue, and domain-specific knowledge can be applied to resolve it. This article develops an… More >

Ahmad O. Aseeri¹, Sajjad Hussain Chauhdary^2,*, Mohammed Saeed Alkatheiri³, Mohammed A. Alqarni⁴, Yu Zhuang⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.1, pp. 1901-1918, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.028777 - 06 February 2023

Abstract IoT devices rely on authentication mechanisms to render secure message exchange. During data transmission, scalability, data integrity, and processing time have been considered challenging aspects for a system constituted by IoT devices. The application of physical unclonable functions (PUFs) ensures secure data transmission among the internet of things (IoT) devices in a simplified network with an efficient time-stamped agreement. This paper proposes a secure, lightweight, cost-efficient reinforcement machine learning framework (SLCR-MLF) to achieve decentralization and security, thus enabling scalability, data integrity, and optimized processing time in IoT devices. PUF has been integrated into SLCR-MLF to… More >

P. Ramadevi^1,*, T. Jayasankar¹, V. Dinesh², M. Dhamodaran³

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.44, No.2, pp. 1373-1385, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.026603 - 15 June 2022

Abstract Recently, with the growth of cyber physical systems (CPS), several applications have begun to deploy in the CPS for connecting the cyber space with the physical scale effectively. Besides, the cloud computing (CC) enabled CPS offers huge processing and storage resources for CPS that finds helpful for a range of application areas. At the same time, with the massive development of applications that exist in the CPS environment, the energy utilization of the cloud enabled CPS has gained significant interest. For improving the energy effectiveness of the CC platform, virtualization technologies have been employed for… More >

Muhammad Waqas^1,3,*, Shehr Bano², Fatima Hassan², Shanshan Tu¹, Ghulam Abbas², Ziaul Haq Abbas⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 4489-4499, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029539 - 28 July 2022

Abstract Cyber-physical wireless systems have surfaced as an important data communication and networking research area. It is an emerging discipline that allows effective monitoring and efficient real-time communication between the cyber and physical worlds by embedding computer software and integrating communication and networking technologies. Due to their high reliability, sensitivity and connectivity, their security requirements are more comparable to the Internet as they are prone to various security threats such as eavesdropping, spoofing, botnets, man-in-the-middle attack, denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) and impersonation. Existing methods use physical layer authentication (PLA), the… More >

K. Muthulakshmi^1,*, N. Krishnaraj², R. S. Ravi Sankar³, A. Balakumar⁴, S. Kanimozhi⁵, B. Kiruthika⁶

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.34, No.3, pp. 2083-2096, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.026628 - 25 May 2022

Abstract In recent times, Cyber-physical system (CPS) integrates the cyber systems and physical world for performing critical processes that are started from the development in digital electronics. The sensors deployed in CPS are commonly employed for monitoring and controlling processes that are susceptible to anomalies. For identifying and detecting anomalies, an effective anomaly detection system (ADS) is developed. But ADS faces high false alarms and miss detection rate, which led to the degraded performance in CPS applications. This study develops a novel deep learning (DL) approach for anomaly detection in sensor-based CPS using Bidirectional Long Short… More >

Bassam A. Y. Alqaralleh^1,*, Fahad Aldhaban¹, Esam A. AlQarallehs², Ahmad H. Al-Omari³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.3, pp. 4691-4707, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026556 - 21 April 2022

Abstract Cyber-attacks on cyber-physical systems (CPSs) resulted to sensing and actuation misbehavior, severe damage to physical object, and safety risk. Machine learning (ML) models have been presented to hinder cyberattacks on the CPS environment; however, the non-existence of labelled data from new attacks makes their detection quite interesting. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a commonly utilized to detect and classify the existence of intrusions in the CPS environment, which acts as an important part in secure CPS environment. Latest developments in deep learning (DL) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) stimulate new IDSs to manage cyberattacks with… More >

Masoud Alajmi¹, Mohamed K. Nour², Siwar Ben Haj Hassine³, Mimouna Abdullah Alkhonaini⁴, Manar Ahmed Hamza^5,*, Ishfaq Yaseen⁵, Abu Sarwar Zamani⁵, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.3, pp. 5499-5513, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026187 - 21 April 2022

Abstract Recently, cyber physical system (CPS) has gained significant attention which mainly depends upon an effective collaboration with computation and physical components. The greatly interrelated and united characteristics of CPS resulting in the development of cyber physical energy systems (CPES). At the same time, the rising ubiquity of wireless sensor networks (WSN) in several application areas makes it a vital part of the design of CPES. Since security and energy efficiency are the major challenging issues in CPES, this study offers an energy aware secure cyber physical systems with clustered wireless sensor networks using metaheuristic algorithms… More >

Duansen Shangguan^*, Liping Chen, Chang Su, Jianwan Ding, Chan Liu

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.131, No.3, pp. 1557-1578, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.018979 - 19 April 2022

Abstract With the development of information and communication technology and the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, cyber-physical system (CPS) is becoming the trend of products or systems. The deep integration and real-time interaction between the physical world and the virtual world expand system functions. Although there are some CPS implementation guidelines, the virtual world is still relatively abstract compared to the concrete physical world that can be touched through the IoT. Besides that, human is a non-negligible CPS endogenous interactive intelligent component. In this paper, we propose a triple human-digital twin architecture, where… More >