Binchang Ma¹, Xinhai Yu², Gang Huang^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-21, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.071320 - 10 November 2025

Abstract Vacancy defects, as fundamental disruptions in metallic lattices, play an important role in shaping the mechanical and electronic properties of aluminum crystals. However, the influence of vacancy position under coupled thermomechanical fields remains insufficiently understood. In this study, transmission and scanning electron microscopy were employed to observe dislocation structures and grain boundary heterogeneities in processed aluminum alloys, suggesting stress concentrations and microstructural inhomogeneities associated with vacancy accumulation. To complement these observations, first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted for seven single-vacancy configurations in face-centered cubic aluminum. The stress response, total energy, density of states More >

Shengran Zhao, Zhensong Li^*, Xiaotan Wei, Yutong Wang, Kai Zhao

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-14, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068138 - 10 November 2025

Abstract In printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, surface defects can significantly affect product quality. To address the performance degradation, high false detection rates, and missed detections caused by complex backgrounds in current intelligent inspection algorithms, this paper proposes CG-YOLOv8, a lightweight and improved model based on YOLOv8n for PCB surface defect detection. The proposed method optimizes the network architecture and compresses parameters to reduce model complexity while maintaining high detection accuracy, thereby enhancing the capability of identifying diverse defects under complex conditions. Specifically, a cascaded multi-receptive field (CMRF) module is adopted to replace the SPPF module… More >

Tesfaye Adisu Tarekegn^1,*, Taye Girma Debelee^1,2

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.7, pp. 585-613, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jai.2025.067333 - 01 December 2025

Abstract The identification of defect types and their reduction values is the most crucial step in coffee grading. In Ethiopia, the current coffee defect investigation techniques rely on manual screening, which requires substantial human resources, time-consuming, and prone to errors. Recently, the deep learning driven object detection has shown promising results in coffee defect identification and grading tasks. In this study, we propose KN-YOLOv8, a modified You Only Look Once version-8 (YOLOv8) model optimized for real-time detection of coffee bean defects. This lightweight network incorporates effective feature fusion techniques to accurately detect and locate defects, even… More >

Mudasir Ali¹, Muhammad Faheem Mushtaq², Urooj Akram², Nagwan Abdel Samee^3,*, Mona M. Jamjoom⁴, Imran Ashraf^5,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.2, pp. 1863-1901, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.070389 - 26 November 2025

Abstract Differentiating between regular and abnormal noises in machine-generated sounds is a crucial but difficult problem. For accurate audio signal classification, suitable and efficient techniques are needed, particularly machine learning approaches for automated classification. Due to the dynamic and diverse representative characteristics of audio data, the probability of achieving high classification accuracy is relatively low and requires further research efforts. This study proposes an ensemble model based on the LeNet and hierarchical attention mechanism (HAM) models with MFCC features to enhance the models’ capacity to handle bias. Additionally, CNNs, bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), CRNN, LSTM, capsule network More >

Nurlan Zhangabay^1,*, Marco Bonopera^2,*, Konstantin Avramov³, Maryna Chernobryvko³, Svetlana Buganova⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.1, pp. 241-261, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.069544 - 30 October 2025

Abstract This research extends ongoing efforts to develop methods for reinforcing damaged main gas pipelines to prevent catastrophic failure. This study establishes the use of scaled-down experimental models for assessing the dynamic strength of damaged pipeline sections reinforced with wire wrapping or composite sleeves. A generalized dynamic model is introduced for numerical simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of reinforcement techniques. The model incorporates the elastoplastic behavior of pipe and wire materials, the influence of temperature on mechanical properties, the contact interaction between the pipe and the reinforcement components (including pretensioning), and local material failure under transient… More >

ZiQi Zhao, MingYang Xu, ChaoYang Sun, PeiPei Li^*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.012382

Abstract Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is often utilized to obtain laser powder bed fused (LPBF) Ti-6Al-4V with good mechanical properties. To uncover the underlying mechanisms by which HIP improves the mechanical properties, several mechanisms are considered and examined against experimental data sets available in the literature. The results suggest that HIP improves mechanical properties by both reducing defect sizes below a critical threshold and altering the microstructure surrounding defects. Based on these findings, a pore healing model was developed, and optimized HIP processing parameter range (temperature, pressure, and soaking time) were proposed. Severe plastic deformation driven… More >

Xin Wen^1,2,3, Siru Chen¹, Kechen Song^2,3,4,*, Han Yu^2,3,*, Xingjie Li^2,3, Ling Zhong¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 4173-4201, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070906 - 23 October 2025

Abstract With the growing demand for higher product quality in manufacturing, X-ray non-destructive testing has found widespread application not only in industrial quality control but also in a wide range of industrial applications, owing to its unique capability to penetrate materials and reveal both internal and surface defects. This paper presents a systematic review of recent advances and current applications of X-ray-based defect detection in industrial components. It begins with an overview of the fundamental principles of X-ray imaging and typical inspection workflows, followed by a review of classical image processing methods for defect detection, segmentation,… More >

Carlos Quiterio Gómez Muñoz¹, Fausto Pedro García Márquez^2,*, Jorge Bernabé Sanjuán³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.3, pp. 3369-3386, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.069225 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Due to the continuous increase in global energy demand, photovoltaic solar energy generation and associated maintenance requirements have significantly expanded. One critical maintenance challenge in photovoltaic installations is detecting hot spots, localized overheating defects in solar cells that drastically reduce efficiency and can lead to permanent damage. Traditional methods for detecting these defects rely on manual inspections using thermal imaging, which are costly, labor-intensive, and impractical for large-scale installations. This research introduces an automated hybrid system based on two specialized convolutional neural networks deployed in a cascaded architecture. The first convolutional neural network efficiently detects More >

Hande İştar^1,#,*, Buğra Harmandar¹, Melike Korkmaz Toker², Fulden Cantaş Türkiş³

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.4, pp. 503-517, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.068540 - 18 September 2025

Abstract Background: The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple, cost-effective marker of systemic inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the association between perioperative NLR and postoperative outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 70 patients under 18 years of age who underwent surgery between 2018 and 2023. NLR was measured preoperatively and on postoperative days (POD) 0, 1, 2, 3, and 6. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified optimal cutoffs, and associations with postoperative outcomes were assessed. Results: The preoperative NLR cutoff of 1.14 (AUC = 0.75) was associated with More >

Emrah Şişli^1,*, Pelin Köşger²

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.4, pp. 531-537, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.067271 - 18 September 2025

Abstract Residual atrioventricular valve regurgitation after correction of complete atrioventricular septal defect (cAVSD) is still not ideal. As a modification of the double-patch method, our technique comprises a suture-bite-wide strip of a third patch that is incorporated to the upper margin of the left side of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) patch. This third patch counteracts not only the valvular tissue loss caused by the suture bites but also the rightward displacement of the VSD patch in a bulged fashion that occurs with increased left ventricular pressure after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. This unfavorable outcome was More >