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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Floral Volatiles in Natural Populations of Paeonia lactiflora: Key Components and Cultivar Differential Analysis

    Meida Chen1, Tongfei Niu1, Kai Gao2, Zhanxiang Tan1, Yuxin Zhao1, Xiaogai Hou1,*, Lili Guo1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.6, pp. 1921-1940, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065738 - 27 June 2025

    Abstract Floral scent serves as a key criterion for evaluating the ornamental value of flowering plants. Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), a traditional Chinese ornamental species, is valued for its vibrant coloration, intricate floral morphology, and positive cultural symbolism. In this study, dynamic headspace adsorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in flowers of 120 herbaceous peony cultivars at the half-opening stage. We detected 86 VOCs, comprising 25 aromatic compounds (79.70%), 21 hydrocarbons (10.51%), 29 terpenoids (8.37%), 7 fatty acid derivatives (1.03%), and 4 heterocyclic compounds (0.38%). The cultivar ‘Dr.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Reference Gene Selection for qRT-PCR Normalization in Iris germanica L.

    Yinjie Wang, Yongxia Zhang, Qingquan Liu, Liangqin Liu, Suzhen Huang, Haiyan Yuan*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 277-290, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011545 - 20 November 2020

    Abstract Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is an effective and widely used method to analyze expression patterns of target genes. Selection of stable reference genes is a prerequisite for accurate normalization of target gene expression by qRT-PCR. In Iris germanica L., no studies have yet been published regarding the evaluation of potential reference genes. In this study, nine candidate reference genes were assessed at different flower developmental stages and in different tissues by four different algorithms (GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder). The results revealed that ACT11 (Actin 11) and EF1α (Elongation factor 1 alpha) were the most stable reference… More >

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