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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Multi-Stage Centralized Energy Management for Interconnected Microgrids: Hybrid Forecasting, Climate-Resilient, and Sustainable Optimization

    Mohamed Kouki1, Nahid Osman2, Mona Gafar3, Ragab A. El-Sehiemy4,5,6,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.3, pp. 3783-3811, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.071964 - 23 December 2025

    Abstract The growing integration of nondispatchable renewable energy sources (PV, wind) and the need to cut CO2 emissions make energy management crucial. Microgrids provide a framework for RES integration but face challenges from intermittency, fluctuating loads, cost optimization, and uncertainty in real-time balancing. Accurate short-term forecasting of solar generation and demand is vital for reliable and sustainable operation. While stochastic and machine learning methods are used, they struggle with limited data, complex temporal patterns, and scalability. Key challenges include capturing seasonal to weekly variations and modeling sudden fluctuations in generation and consumption. To address… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Heuristic-Based Optimal Load Frequency Control with Offsite Backup Controllers in Interconnected Microgrids

    Aijia Ding, Tingzhang Liu*

    Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.12, pp. 3735-3759, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.054687 - 22 November 2024

    Abstract The primary factor contributing to frequency instability in microgrids is the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources. This paper introduces novel dual-backup controllers utilizing advanced fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controllers to enhance frequency and tie-line power stability in microgrids amid increasing renewable energy integration. To improve load frequency control, the proposed controllers are applied to a two-area interconnected microgrid system incorporating diverse energy sources, such as wind turbines, photovoltaic cells, diesel generators, and various storage technologies. A novel meta-heuristic algorithm is adopted to select the optimal parameters of the proposed controllers. The efficacy… More >

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