Jingwei Hao^*, Senlin Luo, Limin Pan

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 719-734, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.033923

Abstract The byte stream is widely used in malware detection due to its independence of reverse engineering. However, existing methods based on the byte stream implement an indiscriminate feature extraction strategy, which ignores the byte function difference in different segments and fails to achieve targeted feature extraction for various byte semantic representation modes, resulting in byte semantic confusion. To address this issue, an enhanced adversarial byte function associated method for malware backdoor attack is proposed in this paper by categorizing various function bytes into three functions involving structure, code, and data. The Minhash algorithm, grayscale mapping, and state transition probability statistics… More >

Le Duc Thuan^1,2,*, Pham Van Huong², Hoang Van Hiep¹, Nguyen Kim Khanh¹

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.3, pp. 2741-2759, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.033420

Abstract Android malware has exploded in popularity in recent years, due to the platform’s dominance of the mobile market. With the advancement of deep learning technology, numerous deep learning-based works have been proposed for the classification of Android malware. Deep learning technology is designed to handle a large amount of raw and continuous data, such as image content data. However, it is incompatible with discrete features, i.e., features gathered from multiple sources. Furthermore, if the feature set is already well-extracted and sparsely distributed, this technology is less effective than traditional machine learning. On the other hand, a wide learning model can… More >

Muhammad Waqar¹, Sabeeh Fareed¹, Ajung Kim^2,*, Saif Ur Rehman Malik³, Muhammad Imran¹, Muhammad Usman Yaseen¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 4399-4415, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.032984

Abstract The Android Operating System (AOS) has been evolving since its inception and it has become one of the most widely used operating system for the Internet of Things (IoT). Due to the high popularity and reliability of AOS for IoT, it is a target of many cyber-attacks which can cause compromise of privacy, financial loss, data integrity, unauthorized access, denial of services and so on. The Android-based IoT (AIoT) devices are extremely vulnerable to various malwares due to the open nature and high acceptance of Android in the market. Recently, several detection preventive malwares are developed to conceal their malicious… More >

Mohammed Maray¹, Hamed Alqahtani², Saud S. Alotaibi³, Fatma S. Alrayes⁴, Nuha Alshuqayran⁵, Mrim M. Alnfiai⁶, Amal S. Mehanna⁷, Mesfer Al Duhayyim^8,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 3101-3115, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.032969

Abstract Cloud Computing (CC) is the most promising and advanced technology to store data and offer online services in an effective manner. When such fast evolving technologies are used in the protection of computer-based systems from cyberattacks, it brings several advantages compared to conventional data protection methods. Some of the computer-based systems that effectively protect the data include Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), mobile devices, desktop and laptop computer, and critical systems. Malicious software (malware) is nothing but a type of software that targets the computer-based systems so as to launch cyber-attacks and threaten the integrity, secrecy, and accessibility… More >

Lojain Nahhas¹, Marwan Albahar^1,*, Abdullah Alammari², Anca Jurcut³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 3997-4014, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.028316

Abstract There has been an increase in attacks on mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, due to their growing popularity. Mobile malware is one of the most dangerous threats, causing both security breaches and financial losses. Mobile malware is likely to continue to evolve and proliferate to carry out a variety of cybercrimes on mobile devices. Mobile malware specifically targets Android operating system as it has grown in popularity. The rapid proliferation of Android malware apps poses a significant security risk to users, making static and manual analysis of malicious files difficult. Therefore, efficient identification and classification of Android malicious… More >

Hasan H. Al-Khshali^1,*, Muhammad Ilyas²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 153-178, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.032182

Abstract One aspect of cybersecurity, incorporates the study of Portable Executables (PE) files maleficence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be employed in such studies, since AI has the ability to discriminate benign from malicious files. In this study, an exclusive set of 29 features was collected from trusted implementations, this set was used as a baseline to analyze the presented work in this research. A Decision Tree (DT) and Neural Network Multi-Layer Perceptron (NN-MLPC) algorithms were utilized during this work. Both algorithms were chosen after testing a few diverse procedures. This work implements a method of subgrouping features to answer questions such… More >

P. Pandi Chandran^1,*, N. Hema Rajini², M. Jeyakarthic³

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.3, pp. 3349-3364, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.029946

Abstract Cybercrime has increased considerably in recent times by creating new methods of stealing, changing, and destroying data in daily lives. Portable Document Format (PDF) has been traditionally utilized as a popular way of spreading malware. The recent advances of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models are utilized to detect and classify malware. With this motivation, this study focuses on the design of mayfly optimization with a deep belief network for PDF malware detection and classification (MFODBN-MDC) technique. The major intention of the MFODBN-MDC technique is for identifying and classifying the presence of malware exist in the PDFs. The… More >

V. Joseph Raymond^1,2,*, R. Jeberson Retna Raj¹

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.44, No.3, pp. 2147-2163, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.028227

Abstract Android devices are popularly available in the commercial market at different price levels for various levels of customers. The Android stack is more vulnerable compared to other platforms because of its open-source nature. There are many android malware detection techniques available to exploit the source code and find associated components during execution time. To obtain a better result we create a hybrid technique merging static and dynamic processes. In this paper, in the first part, we have proposed a technique to check for correlation between features and classify using a supervised learning approach to avoid Multicollinearity problem is one of… More >

K. Santosh Jhansi^1,2,*, P. Ravi Kiran Varma², Sujata Chakravarty³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6327-6345, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.030878

Abstract Malware Security Intelligence constitutes the analysis of applications and their associated metadata for possible security threats. Application Programming Interfaces (API) calls contain valuable information that can help with malware identification. The malware analysis with reduced feature space helps for the efficient identification of malware. The goal of this research is to find the most informative features of API calls to improve the android malware detection accuracy. Three swarm optimization methods, viz., Ant Lion Optimization (ALO), Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO), and Firefly Optimization (FO) are applied to API calls using auto-encoders for identification of most influential features. The nature-inspired wrapper-based algorithms… More >

V. Joseph Raymond^1,2,*, R. Jeberson Retna Raj¹

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.2, pp. 2413-2429, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.030527

Abstract In recent days the usage of android smartphones has increased extensively by end-users. There are several applications in different categories banking/finance, social engineering, education, sports and fitness, and many more applications. The android stack is more vulnerable compared to other mobile platforms like IOS, Windows, or Blackberry because of the open-source platform. In the Existing system, malware is written using vulnerable system calls to bypass signature detection important drawback is might not work with zero-day exploits and stealth malware. The attackers target the victim with various attacks like adware, backdoor, spyware, ransomware, and zero-day exploits and create threat hunts on… More >