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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Systematic Comparison of Discrete Cosine Transform-Based Approaches for Multi-Focus Image Fusion

    Muhammad Osama1, Sarwar Shah Khan2,*, Sajid Khan2, Muzammil Khan3, Mian Muhammad Danyal4, Reshma Khan1

    Digital Engineering and Digital Twin, Vol.3, pp. 17-34, 2025, DOI:10.32604/dedt.2025.066344 - 19 August 2025

    Abstract Image fusion is a technique used to combine essential information from two or more source images into a single, more informative output image. The resulting fused image contains more meaningful details than any individual source image. This study focuses on multi-focus image fusion, a crucial area in image processing. Due to the limited depth of field of optical lenses, it is often challenging to capture an image where all areas are in focus simultaneously. As a result, multi-focus image fusion plays a key role in integrating and extracting the necessary details from different focal regions.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Fuzzy Based Hybrid Focus Value Estimation for Multi Focus Image Fusion

    Muhammad Ahmad1,*, M. Arfan Jaffar1, Fawad Nasim1, Tehreem Masood1, Sheeraz Akram2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 735-752, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019691 - 03 November 2021

    Abstract

    Due to limited depth-of-field of digital single-lens reflex cameras, the scene content within a limited distance from the imaging plane remains in focus while other objects closer to or further away from the point of focus appear as blurred (out-of-focus) in the image. Multi-Focus Image Fusion can be used to reconstruct a fully focused image from two or more partially focused images of the same scene. In this paper, a new Fuzzy Based Hybrid Focus Measure (FBHFM) for multi-focus image fusion has been proposed. Optimal block size is very critical step for multi-focus image fusion.

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