Nikhil S. Mane¹, Sheetal Kumar Dewangan^2,*, Sayantan Mukherjee³, Pradnyavati Mane⁴, Deepak Kumar Singh¹, Ravindra Singh Saluja⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-16, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.072090 - 10 November 2025

Abstract The thermal conductivity of nanofluids is an important property that influences the heat transfer capabilities of nanofluids. Researchers rely on experimental investigations to explore nanofluid properties, as it is a necessary step before their practical application. As these investigations are time and resource-consuming undertakings, an effective prediction model can significantly improve the efficiency of research operations. In this work, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed to predict the thermal conductivity of metal oxide water-based nanofluid. For this, a comprehensive set of 691 data points was collected from the literature. This dataset is split More >

Banan Najim Abdullah¹, Karam Hashim Mohammed¹, Ammar Hassan Soheel¹, Bashar Mahmood Ali², Omar Rafae Alomar^1,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.5, pp. 1681-1700, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.066814 - 31 October 2025

Abstract The current work aims to numerically investigate the impact of using (50% ZnO and 50% Al₂O₃) hybrid nanofluid (HNf) on the performance of convective heat transfer inside a horizontal wavy micro-channel. This issue represents a novel approach that has not been extensively covered in previous research and provides more valuable insights into the performance of HNfs in complex flow geometries. The conjugate heat transfer approach is used to demonstrate the influence of adding hybrid nanoparticles (50% Al₂O₃ and 50% ZnO) to pure water on the rate of heat transfer. The governing equations are numerically solved by… More >

Meriem Bounib¹, Aicha Bouhezza^2,3,*, Abdelkrim Khelifa⁴, Mohamed Teggar⁵, Hasan Köten⁶, Aissa Atia⁷, Yassine Cherif ⁸

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1323-1350, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.065254 - 29 August 2025

Abstract This study investigates laminar convection in three regimes (forced convection, mixed convection, and natural convection) of a bi-nanofluid (Cu-Al₂O₃-water)/mono-nanofluid (Al₂O₃-water) inside a square enclosure of sliding vertical walls which are kept at cold temperature and moving up, down, or in opposite directions. The enclosure bottom is heated partially by a central heat source of various sizes while the horizontal walls are considered adiabatic. The thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity are dependent on temperature and nanoparticle size. The conservation equations are implemented in the solver ANSYS R2 (2020). The numerical predictions are successfully validated by comparison with… More >

Yifan Li¹, Congzhe Zhu¹, Zhihan Lyu^2,*, Bin Yang^1,3,*, Thomas Olofsson³

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.9, pp. 3525-3553, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067902 - 26 August 2025

Abstract The growth of computing power in data centers (DCs) leads to an increase in energy consumption and noise pollution of air cooling systems. Chip-level cooling with high-efficiency coolant is one of the promising methods to address the cooling challenge for high-power devices in DCs. Hybrid nanofluid (HNF) has the advantages of high thermal conductivity and good rheological properties. This study summarizes the numerical investigations of HNFs in mini/micro heat sinks, including the numerical methods, hydrothermal characteristics, and enhanced heat transfer technologies. The innovations of this paper include: (1) the characteristics, applicable conditions, and scenarios of… More >

Ans Ahmed Memon¹, Laveet Kumar^1,2,*, Abdul Ghafoor Memon¹, Khanji Harijan¹, Ahmad K. Sleiti²

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 833-856, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.064805 - 30 June 2025

Abstract Climate change, rising fuel prices, and fuel security are some challenges that have emerged and have grown worldwide. Therefore, to overcome these obstacles, highly efficient thermodynamic devices and heat recovery systems must be introduced. According to reports, much industrial waste heat is lost as flue gas from boilers, heating plants, etc. The primary objective of this study is to investigate and compare unary (Al₂O₃) thermodynamically, binary with three different combinations of nanoparticles namely (Al₂O₃ + TiO₂, TiO₂ + ZnO, Al₂O₃ + ZnO) and ternary (Al₂O₃ + TiO₂ + ZnO) as a heat transfer fluid. Initially, three different types of… More > Graphic Abstract

Shahina Akter^1,2, Muhammad Amer Qureshi³, Mohammad Ferdows^1,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 1013-1036, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.062311 - 30 June 2025

Abstract This study explores free convective heat transfer in an electrically conducting nanofluid flow over a moving semi-infinite flat plate under the influence of an induced magnetic field and viscous dissipation. The velocity and magnetic field vectors are aligned at a distance from the plate. The Spectral Relaxation Method (SRM) is used to numerically solve the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations, analyzing the effects of the Eckert number on heat and mass transfer. Various nanofluids containing , , , and nanoparticles are examined to assess how external magnetic fields influence fluid behavior. Key parameters, including the More >

Ahmad Mola¹, Sahira H. Ibrahim¹, Nagham Q. Shari², Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab^3,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2239-2255, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061590 - 29 May 2025

Abstract High-efficiency solar energy systems are characterized by their designs, which primarily rely on effective concentration and conversion methods of solar radiation. Evaluation of the performance enhancement of flat plate solar collectors by integration with thermal energy storage could be achieved through simulation of proposed designs. The work aims to analyze a new solar collector integrated with a porous medium and shell and coiled tube heat exchanger. The heat transfer enhancement was investigated by varying the geometrical parameters in shell and helically coiled tubes operating with CuFe₂O₄/water with different volume fractions of 0.02%, 0.05%, and 0.1 vol.%.… More >

Rabail Tabassum¹, M. Kamran¹, Khalil Ur Rehman^2,*, Wasfi Shatanawi^2,3, Rashid Mehmood⁴

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 577-599, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.059466 - 25 April 2025

Abstract This study aims to elucidate the connection between the shape factor of GO (graphene oxide) nanoparticles and the behavior of blood-based non-aligned, 2-dimensional, incompressible nanofluid flow near stagnation point, under the influence of temperature-dependent viscosity. Appropriate similarity transformations are employed to transform the non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The governing equations are subsequently resolved by utilizing the shooting method. The modified Maxwell model is used to estimate the thermal efficiency of the nanofluid affected by different nanoparticle shapes. The impact of various shapes of GO nanoparticles on the velocity and… More >

Muhammad Zubair Mustafa¹, Sumera Dero¹, Liaquat Ali Lund², Mehboob Ul Hassan³, Umair Khan^4,5,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 499-513, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.061804 - 11 April 2025

Abstract This paper discusses the model of the boundary layer (BL) flow and the heat transfer characteristics of hybrid nanofluid (HNF) over shrinking/stretching disks. In addition, the thermal radiation and the impact of velocity and thermal slip boundary conditions are also examined. The considered hybrid nano-fluid contains silver (Ag) and iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles dispersed in the water to prepare the Ag-Fe₃O₄/water-based hybrid nanofluid. The requisite posited partial differential equations model is converted to ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. For a numerical solution, the shooting method in Maple is employed. Moreover, the duality in solutions is… More > Graphic Abstract

Zahraa N. Hussain^1,*, Jamal M. Ali^1,*, Hasan S. Majdi², Abbas J. Sultan¹, H. Al-Naseri³

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.2, pp. 351-370, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.056292 - 06 March 2025

Abstract The use of nanofluids as heat transfer media represents an innovative strategy to enhance heat transfer performances. This study investigates experimentally the turbulent convective heat transfer characteristics of water-based nanofluids containing TiO₂, CuO, and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) nanoparticles as they flow through a copper tube. Both the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of these nanofluids were modeled and experimentally measured across varying nanoparticle concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 vol.%) and temperatures (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C). The findings indicate that the behavior of nanofluids depends on the parameter used for comparison with the base fluid. Notably, both More > Graphic Abstract