Khaled Elenizi¹, Abdullah Sharaf Aldeen², Nasser Alotaibi^3,*, Nagy Fagir², Hussien Hado², Mubarak Aldossari²

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.5, pp. 539-546, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.071226 - 30 November 2025

Abstract Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare congenital anomaly that may complicate cardiac procedures when associated with a dilated coronary sinus (CS) and conduction disturbances. We report the case of a 27-year-old male with Wilson’s disease who presented with complete heart block. Echocardiography showed biatrial enlargement and severe CS dilation, while contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) confirmed PLSVC draining into the CS without a bridging vein. Anatomical constraints prevented cardiac resynchronization therapy, and dual-chamber pacemaker implantation proved technically challenging due to lead placement difficulties. This case highlights the importance of thorough preoperative assessment and More >

Zhuoxi Feng^#,1, Jinyang Liu^#,2, Zihao Wu¹, Ziran Geng¹, Zhimin Liu^1,*

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.5, pp. 625-636, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.069214 - 30 November 2025

Abstract Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by atrioventricular, ventriculoarterial, and conduction system discordance, commonly accompanied by atrioventricular block (AVB). Pacing in patients with CCTGA and AVB (both pediatric and adult) poses challenges in strategy selection, procedural complexity, and clinical decision-making due to limited evidence. Conventional morphological left ventricular pacing is widely adopted but may induce ventricular dyssynchrony, heart failure, and tricuspid valve dysfunction. While cardiac resynchronization therapy serves as an upgrade for pacing-induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure, its application may be limited by coronary sinus anatomical… More >

Aya Miyazaki^1,2,*, Hideki Uemura², Yasuyo Takeuchi³, Junya Tomida⁴, Yasuo Ono¹, Yoshifumi Fujimoto¹, Norie Mitsushita¹, Akio Ikai¹

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.17, No.6, pp. 647-652, 2022, DOI:10.32604/chd.2022.021837 - 11 October 2022

Abstract Appropriate heart rate in a failing pulmonary ventricle remains unknown, particularly in congenital heart disease with unique hemodynamics. A 71-year-old male with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and a pacemaker for a sinus node dysfunction suffered from heart failure symptoms with preserved left ventricular function. Simply changing the pacemaker’s lower rate from 60 to 75 bpm, New York Heart Association classification improved from III to II, and hemodynamic parameters drastically improved. We regarded this case as informative. Appropriate heart rate could be higher in congenital patients with failing right and non-failing left ventricles than in adults More > Graphic Abstract

Martin Augustynek, Jan Kubicek^*, Jaroslav Thomas, Marek Penhaker, Dominik Vilimek, Michal Strycek, Ondrej Sojka, Antonino Proto

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6269-6287, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028644 - 28 July 2022

Abstract The usability assessment of a pacemaker is a complex task where the dedicated programmer for testing programmed algorithms is necessary. This paper provides the outcomes of development and complex testing of the artificial cardiac system to evaluate the pacemaker’s functionality. In this work, we used the modular laboratory platform ELVIS II and created graphical user interface in LabVIEW programming environment. The electrical model of the heart allows signals generation (right atrium, right ventricle) and the monitoring of the stimulation pulses. The LabVIEW user interface allows to set the parameters of the generated signals and the More >

Mohammadrafie Khorgami¹, Ali Sadeghpour Tabaei^2,*, Elio Caruso^3,*, Silvia Farruggio³, Negar Omidi⁴, Maryam Moradian¹, Behzad Mohammadpour Ahranjani⁵, Zahra Khajali6 and Rahele Zamani¹

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.16, No.6, pp. 573-584, 2021, DOI:10.32604/CHD.2021.016271 - 08 July 2021

Abstract Background: Most children in need of cardiac pacemakers remain dependent on the function of the permanent from childhood to adulthood. We sought to evaluate and compare the function between epicardial and endocardial pacemakers in pediatric groups with different conditions. Methods: Between 2012 and 2018, this single-canter study evaluated 44 pediatric patients with indications for epicardial or endocardial pacemakers. Results: The 2 groups, at a median age of 5 (0.1–16) years, were compared concerning the characteristics of the leads used (n = 80: bipolar, unipolar, steroid-eluting, and non–steroid-eluting), survival data, and complications. The reason for pacemaker implantation was… More >

Jenny Alenius Dahlqvist¹, Jan Sunnegårdh², Katarina Hanséus³, Eva Strömvall Larsson², Anders Nygren², Magnus Dalén^4,5, Håkan Berggren⁶, Jens Johansson Ramgren⁷, Urban Wiklund⁸, Annika Rydberg¹

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.14, No.4, pp. 582-589, 2019, DOI:10.1111/chd.12766

Abstract Objective: Fontan surgery is performed in children with univentricular heart defects. Previous data regarding permanent pacemaker implantation frequency and indica‐ tions in Fontan patients are limited and conflicting. We examined the prevalence of and risk factors for pacemaker treatment in a consecutive national cohort of patients after Fontan surgery in Sweden.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all Swedish patients who underwent Fontan surgery from 1982 to 2017 (n = 599).
Results: After a mean follow‐up of 12.2 years, 13% (78/599) of the patients with Fontan circulation had received pacemakers. Patients operated with the extracardiac conduit (EC) type of total… More >

Longling Fan¹, Jing Yao², Chun Yang³, Di Xu², Dalin Tang^1,4,*

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.1, pp. 41-41, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.05720

Abstract Cardiac pacing has been an effective treatment in the management of patients with arrhythmia. Different pacemaker location may have different impact on pacemaker effectiveness. A novel image-based ventricle animal modeling approach was proposed to integrate echocardiography images, propagating dynamic electric potential on ventricle surface to perform myocardial function assessment. The models will be used to simulate ventricular electrical signal conduction and optimize pacemaker location for better cardiac outcome. One health female adult pig weight 42.5 kg was used to make pacing animal model with different ventricle pacing locations. Pig health status was assessed before undergoing… More >

Christian Paech, Franziska Wagner, Sebastian Mensch, Roman Antonin Gebauer

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1064-1068, 2018, DOI:10.1111/chd.12682

Abstract Introduction: Reflex vasovagal—or cardioinhibitory syncope is known to be a major cause of recurrent syncope in children. The mechanism of vasovagal syncope (VVS) is an interaction between a vagally mediated bradycardia or asystole and a more or less manifest vasodilatory component. Although pacing is not advisable as a standard approach in patients with VVS, it remains a treatment option of last resort in excep‐ tionally severe cases, or patients with contraindication or refractoriness to drug ther‐ apy and life style changes. To effectively avoid VVS in these patients, the pacemaker has to both prevent bradycardia and… More >

Kavitha N. Pundi¹, Krishna N. Pundi², Jonathan N. Johnson^1,3, Joseph A. Dearani⁴, Zhuo Li, BS⁵, David J. Driscoll¹, Philip L. Wackel¹, Christopher J. McLeod³, Frank Cetta^1,3, Bryan C. Cannon^1,3

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.12, No.1, pp. 17-23, 2017

Abstract Objectives: We sought to examine the incidence and predictors of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) after Fontan operation.
Background: Arrhythmias and SCD have been reported following operations for congenital heart disease, but the incidence and risk factors have not been well defined in patients after a Fontan operation.
Methods: We reviewed records of all patients who had a Fontan operation from 1973 to 2012 (n 5 1052) at our institution. A questionnaire was mailed to patients who were not known to be deceased at the initiation of the study. Late arrhythmias were classified as bradyarrhythmias or tachyarrhythmias… More >