Zhonghao Qian¹, Hanyi Ma¹, Jun Rao², Jun Hu¹, Lichengzi Yu^2,*, Caoyi Feng¹, Yunxu Qiu¹, Kemo Ding¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.9, pp. 2013-2027, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.028859

Abstract The lack of reactive power in offshore wind farms will affect the voltage stability and power transmission quality of wind farms. To improve the voltage stability and reactive power economy of wind farms, the improved particle swarm optimization is used to optimize the reactive power planning in wind farms. First, the power flow of offshore wind farms is modeled, analyzed and calculated. To improve the global search ability and local optimization ability of particle swarm optimization, the improved particle swarm optimization adopts the adaptive inertia weight and asynchronous learning factor. Taking the minimum active power loss of the offshore wind… More >

Wei Zhang¹, Bin Ji², Ping He¹, Nanqin Wang¹, Yuwei Wang¹, Mengzhe Zhang^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.9, pp. 2177-2192, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.026504

Abstract Power flow calculation is the basis of power grid planning and many system analysis tasks require convergent power flow conditions. To address the unsolvable power flow problem caused by the reactive power imbalance, a method for adjusting reactive power flow convergence based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed. The deep reinforcement learning method takes switching parallel reactive compensation as the action space and sets the reward value based on the power flow convergence and reactive power adjustment. For the non-convergence power flow, the 500 kV nodes with reactive power compensation devices on the low-voltage side are converted into PV nodes… More >

Reza Etemad¹, Mohammad Sadegh Ghazizadeh¹, Mehrdad Ahmadi Kamarposhti^2,*, Ilhami Colak³, Kei Eguchi⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 951-964, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.032631

Abstract The capacitor bank and synchronous condenser have been the only available sources of reactive power. Nowadays, most of the appliances use a power electronic interface for their connection. Applying a power electronic interface adds many features to these appliances. One of the promising features is their capability to interact with Volt-VAR programs. In this paper was investigated the reactive power interaction of the end-user appliances. For this purpose, the distribution network buses are ranked based on their effectiveness, followed by studying their interaction in the Volt-VAR program. To be able to consider the uncertainties, Probability Density Function (PDF) curve was… More >

Akinyemi Ayodeji Stephen^*, Kabeya Musasa, Innocent Ewean Davidson

Energy Engineering, Vol.119, No.6, pp. 2711-2744, 2022, DOI:10.32604/ee.2022.023069

Abstract The occurrence of distortion and over voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) of Renewable Distributed Generation (RDG) limits its penetration levels to the power system and the RDG integration is expected to play a crucial role in power system transformation. For its penetrations to be sustained without disconnection from the system, there must be a solution to the voltage rise, distortion, unbalanced current and grid reactive power control strategy at PCC. It is an IEEE-1547 requirement that RDG integration to the power system should be regulated at PCC to avoid disconnection from the network due to power quality… More > Graphic Abstract