Ulagammai Meyyappan*, S. Joyal Isac
Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.1, pp. 399-413, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.026627
Abstract Demand Response (DR) is one of the most cost-effective and unfailing techniques used by utilities for consumer load shifting. This research paper presents different DR programs in deregulated environments. The description and the classification of DR along with their potential benefits and associated cost components are presented. In addition, most DR measurement indices and their evaluation are also highlighted. Initially, the economic load model incorporated thermal, wind, and energy storage by considering the elasticity market price from its calculated locational marginal pricing (LMP). The various DR programs like direct load control, critical peak pricing, real-time pricing, time of use, and… More >
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