Lei Han1,*, Wanyu Ye1, Chunfang Liu2, Shihua Huang1, Chun Chen3, Luxin Zhan3, Siyuan Liang3
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4947-4969, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069040
- 27 November 2025
Abstract In contemporary medium-voltage distribution networks heavily penetrated by distributed energy resources (DERs), the harmonic components injected by power-electronic interfacing converters, together with the inherently intermittent output of renewable generation, distort the zero-sequence current and continuously reshape its frequency spectrum. As a result, single-line-to-ground (SLG) faults exhibit a pronounced, strongly non-stationary behaviour that varies with operating point, load mix and DER dispatch. Under such circumstances the performance of traditional rule-based algorithms—or methods that rely solely on steady-state frequency-domain indicators—degrades sharply, and they no longer satisfy the accuracy and universality required by practical protection systems. To overcome… More >
Login
Register
