Zenan Lai, Deming Nie^*

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.9, pp. 2131-2148, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.068091 - 30 September 2025

Abstract The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is employed to simulate flow around two staggered cylinders within a confined channel. The numerical model is validated against existing experimental data by comparing drag coefficients and Strouhal numbers in the single-cylinder configuration. The study systematically investigates the influence of vertical () and horizontal () spacing between the cylinders, as well as the Reynolds number ( = 0.1–160), on the hydrodynamic forces, streamline patterns, and vortex dynamics. Results indicate that reducing the horizontal spacing  suppresses flow separation behind the upstream cylinder, while either excessively small or large vertical spacing  diminishes separation… More >

Chao Zhang¹, Runze Yan¹, Honghui Li¹, Qingheng Tang¹, Qinghai Zhao^1,2,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 421-440, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.061469 - 25 April 2025

Abstract The growing need for enhanced heat dissipation is compelling the development of more effective heat exchangers. Innovation inspired by nature bionics, four types of leaf-shaped pin fins were proposed and four combinations of them were considered. The leaf-shaped design of the cooling pin fin enhances uniformity and synergy, effectively creating an optimized flow path that boosts cooling performance. Eight three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer models in staggered arrangement were developed using ANSYS-Fluent software. Aluminum 6061 material was used as the heat sink material and single-phase liquid water flowed through the rectangular channel where the Reynolds (Re) number… More >

Qianbing Tan^1,*, Jin Wang¹, Yisen Liu¹, Guangyu Sun¹, Huijing Gao¹, Yong Peng¹, Song Yao¹, Kui Wang¹

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.29, No.4, pp. 1-1, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.011212

Abstract Bio-inspired thin-walled structures have attracted widespread attention in the engineering field due to their excellent energy absorption capacity. In this work, it was observed that the stem of the bird-of-paradise plant consisted of longitudinal thin walls and transverse diaphragms. The diaphragms inside of the stems are parallel to each other within a column and exhibit staggered arrangements in the adjacent columns. Inspired by the stem of the bird-of-paradise plant, the staggered diaphragm design was introduced to improve the compressive properties of structures. Considering the staggered arrangement method and the Centro symmetry method, three types of… More >

Abeer H. Falih^*, Basima Salman Khalaf, Basim Freegah

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 597-613, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.049812 - 20 May 2024

Abstract In this study, the primary objective was to enhance the hydrothermal performance of a dimpled tube by addressing areas with low heat transfer compared to other regions. To accomplish this, a comprehensive numerical investigation was conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2022 R1 software, focusing on different diameters of dimples along the pipe’s length and the distribution of dimples in both in-line and staggered arrangements. The simulations utilized the finite element method to address turbulent flow within the tube by solving partial differential equations, encompassing Re numbers spanning from 3000 to 8000. The study specifically examined single-phase… More > Graphic Abstract

Husam Rashid Hudear^*, Saad Najeeb Shehab

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.21, pp. 367-383, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2023.042639 - 30 November 2023

Abstract This paper presents a numerical emulation study of heat transmission through tube banks in three-dimensions. Staggered configuration is displayed by fluid dynamics using computer programs (CFD) software (ANSYS fluent). The computer model is used to predict the values of the Nusselt number when changing the values of heat flux and longitudinal pitch. The longitudinal pitch (SL/D) of 1.3, 1.8, and 2.4 mm. The transverse pitch (ST/D) of 1.5 mm, and also considered Reynolds numbers 10000, 13000, 17000, and 190000. The staggered configuration of the tube bundle is demonstrated to investigate the impact of this arrangement More >

Mainak Bhaumik¹, Anirban Sur^2,*, Kavita Dhanawade³

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.21, pp. 467-486, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2023.044605 - 30 November 2023

Abstract Pin fins are widely used in applications where effective heat transfer is crucial. Their compact design, high surface area, and efficient heat transfer characteristics make them a practical choice for many thermal management applications. But for a high heat transfer rate and lightweight application, aerofoil shape pin fins are a good option. This work focuses on an experimental model analysis of pin-fins with aerofoil shapes. The results were evaluated between perforation, no perforation, inline, and staggered fin configurations. Aluminum is used to make the pin fins array. The experiment is carried out inside a wind… More >

Rajen Kumar Nayak^a,* , Ravi Shankar Prasad^a,† , Ujjwal Kumar Nayak^a , Amit Kumar Gupta^b

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.20, pp. 1-9, 2023, DOI:10.5098/hmt.20.1

Abstract Inserting the jet plate between the bottom plate and absorber plate in a flat plate solar air heater has been proposed as an excellent option to enhance the performance of the conventional solar air heater. This research work presents an experimental study of flow and heat transfer in a jet plate solar air heater. Results are presented for the different mass flow rates of air ṁ1 and ṁ2, Reynolds number Rej_a2, streamwise pitch of the holes to jet hole diameter X/D, depth of upper channel to jet hole diameter Z₂/D, fixed number of jet hole N and angle More >

Zhijian Wu, Li Guo^*, Jun Hong

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.1, pp. 611-636, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.020694 - 24 August 2022

Abstract The local arc-length method is employed to control the incremental loading procedure for phase-field brittle fracture modeling. An improved staggered algorithm with energy and damage iterative tolerance convergence criteria is developed based on the residuals of displacement and phase-field. The improved staggered solution scheme is implemented in the commercial software ABAQUS with user-defined element subroutines. The layered system of finite elements is utilized to solve the coupled elastic displacement and phase-field fracture problem. A one-element benchmark test compared with the analytical solution was conducted to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the developed method. Our More >

Mousa Aqeel Ali^*, Saad Najeeb Sheha^b

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.19, pp. 1-10, 2022, DOI:10.5098/hmt.19.39

Abstract In this study, the hydrothermal water flow characteristics using a dimpled inner tube heat exchanger are investigated experimentally and numerically. A numerical analysis has performed on two types of dimpled tubes (In-lined and staggered distributions) for two distribution angles 60o and 90o , and two dimple diameters(4 mm and 6 mm) with constant pitch ratio (X/d=8). In experimental part, a staggered arrangement dimpled inner tube distribution with angle 60o , dimple diameter of 6 mm and constant pitch ratio (X/d=8)is used as well as plain tube. The results illustrate that the heat transfer as Nusselt More >

Rajen Kumar Nayak^a,* , Ravi Shankar Prasad^a,† , Ujjwal Kumar Nayak^a, Amit Kumar Gupta^b

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.19, pp. 1-12, 2022, DOI:10.5098/hmt.19.7

Abstract This analytical study has been carried out on inline and staggered hole jet plate solar air heater with longitudinal fins attached underside the absorber surface under the cross flow and non-cross flow conditions of air through the channels for varying mass flow rate of air, ṁ₁ (50-300 kg/hm² ), jet hole diameter, D (6 mm-10 mm) and distance between the absorber and jet plate, Z₂ (5 cm-10 cm) with fixed number of jet holes, N (480 and 1008 for inline and staggered hole respectively) and pitch of the fins, p (3 mm). The result shows the performance… More >