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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Targeting Glycinebetaine for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants: Physiological Mechanism, Molecular Interaction and Signaling

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman1,*, Aditya Banerjee2, M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan3,4, Aryadeep Roychoudhury2,*, Jubayer Al Mahmud5 and Masayuki Fujita3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.3, pp. 185-221, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.07559

    Abstract In the era of climate change, abiotic stresses (e.g., salinity, drought, extreme temperature, flooding, metal/metalloid(s), UV radiation, ozone, etc.) are considered as one of the most complex environmental constraints that restricts crop production worldwide. Introduction of stress-tolerant crop cultivars is the most auspicious way of surviving this constraint, and to produce these types of tolerant crops. Several bioengineering mechanisms involved in stress signaling are being adopted in this regard. One example of this kind of manipulation is the osmotic adjustment. The quarternary ammonium compound glycinebetaine (GB), also originally referred to as betaine is a methylated… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Morphology and Genetic Studies of Cymodocea Seagrass Genus in Tunisian Coasts

    Ramzi Bchir1,2,*, Aslam Sami Djellouli1, Nadia Zitouna3, Didier Aurelle4, Gerard Pergent2, Christine Pergent-Martini2 and Habib Langar1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.2, pp. 171-184, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.05261

    Abstract Specimens of Cymodocea (Viridiplantae, Magnoliophyta) collected on the Tunisian coasts showed a particular morphological and anatomical difference with the classical descriptions of Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Asch. the only species of this genus reported in the Mediterranean Sea. In order to precise the taxonomic identity of the new specimens we aimed in this work (i) to verify the identity of the new forms, (ii) to evaluate the genetic diversity of the population, (iii) to test the validity of the existing identification keys of the Tunisian Cymodocea populations. Four stations located in two regions of the Tunisian More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Eugenia winzerlingii Extracts on Bemisia tabaci and Evaluation of its Nursery Propagation

    A. Cruz-Estrada1,2, E. Ruiz-Sánchez2, I.L. Medina Baizabal1, E. Balam-Uc1 and M. Gamboa-Angulo1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.2, pp. 161-170, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.05809

    Abstract The development of plant-derived products to control Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an urgent need for production of horticultural crops. Plant extracts and essential oils of several species of the genus Eugenia (Myrtaceae) have shown insecticidal activity. In southern Mexico, leaf extracts from Eugenia winzerlingii showed nematicidal effect but its insecticidal properties have not been explored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of aqueous and organic extracts from E. winzerlingii leaves on B. tabaci egg, nymph and adult stages, and else to explore its nursery propagation. Then, extracts… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Changes in Anatomical Features and Protein Pattern of Sunflower Partially Resistant and Susceptible Lines During Infection By Virulence Factors of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

    Maryam Monazzah1, Sattar Tahmasebi Enferadi1,*, Zohre Rabiei1 and Alessandro Mattiello2

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.2, pp. 149-159, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.05053

    Abstract Helianthus annuus L. as an oil seed crop is widely grown throughout the world. One of the most destructive diseases of sunflower is stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Oxalic acid is the major virulence factor of this necrotrophic pathogen. It is important to further investigate plant responses to this non-specific toxin. Therefore, in the present study, we compared the patterns of total soluble proteins and xylem morphology of partially resistant and susceptible sunflower lines after treatment with Sclerotinia culture filtrate. The basal stems of both lines were treated with 40 mM oxalic acid (pH… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Total Phenols, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity in Annona muricata and Annona purpurea Callus Culture

    M. Y. Ovando-Domínguez1, M. C. Luján-Hidalgo1, D. González-Mendoza2, A. A. Vargas-Díaz3, N. Ruiz-Lau1,4, F. A. Gutiérrez-Miceli1, C. A. Lecona-Guzmán1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.2, pp. 139-147, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.06546

    Abstract Callus cultures of Annona muricata and Annona purpurea were induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) utilized hypocotyls with explant. The highest percentage of callus formation was the treatment supplemented with 3 mg L-1 NAA for A. muricata (100%) while for A. purpurea in lower percentage (75%). BA stimulated the formation of shoots in all the evaluated concentrations, being the concentration of 2 mg L-1 the one that induced the greater formation of shoots for A. muricata (23 shoots/explant) and A. purpurea (28 shoots/explant). The content… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Torin 1, TOR Inhibitor Enhances Cellular Proliferation in NT-1 Tobacco Suspension Cell Cultures

    Grisel Fierros-Romero1,*, M. Elena Mellado-Rojas2, Reynaldo C. Pless3, Juan Ignacio Valiente-Banuet1, Ashutosh Sharma1 and Elda M. Beltrán-Peña2

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.2, pp. 131-137, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.05036

    Abstract Torin 1 is an ATP-competitive TOR inhibitor which inhibits the signaling of TOR and S6K kinase in mammals and plants. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of Torin 1 in a relatively simple and homogeneous plant system such as the NT-1 tobacco suspension cell cultures. Cultures of NT-1 cells were tested with 5, 50, 150 and 250 nM of Torin 1. During kinetics growth of NT-1 tobacco suspension cell cultures, 150 and 250 nM Torin 1 inhibits the early growth and later enhanced the cellular proliferation during exponential growth by means More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Influence of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Inoculation on Wheat Productivity Under Soil Salinity Stress

    Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye1,*, Tariq Shahzad Bhutta1, Muhammad Shaaban1, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Farooq Qayyum1, Umar Aslam1 and Zahir Ahmad Zahir2

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.2, pp. 119-129, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.06570

    Abstract Soil salinity affects the growth and yield of crops. The stress of soil salinity on plants can be mitigated by inoculation of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR). The influence of PGPR inoculation on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop productivity under salinity stress has not been properly addressed so far. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of various PGPR strains (W14, W10 and 6K; alone and combined) at several growth attributes of wheat plant under different soil salinity gradients (3, 6 and 9 dS m-1). The growth attributes of wheat (height, roots, More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Deterioration of Antioxidant Competence in Barley Lesion Mimic Mutant 194

    Qunqun Hao1,#, Bo Lyu2,#, Yuhan Tang1,#, Deya Wang1, Yuanyuan Li1, Qingliang Li1, Yuhai Wang1,* and Wenqiang Wang1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.2, pp. 109-117, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.06734

    Abstract A barley mutant, 194, was observed to exhibit a leaf spot phenotype over the whole course of its growing period. In this study, the phenotype and antioxidant competence were studied in the lesion mimic mutant 194. Plant height was slightly higher in mutant 194 than in the wild type (WT). In addition, leaf spot per plant in mutant 194 was significantly higher than in WT. Antioxidant competence, as indicated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the expression of antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes was also assessed in mutant 194. Compared to the WT, More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Physiological Processes Contributing to the Difference in Grain Amino Acid Content between Two Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars

    Min Huang*, Hengdong Zhang, Chunrong Zhao, Guanghui Chen and Yingbin Zou

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.2, pp. 101-107, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.06694

    Abstract Improving grain amino acid content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is essential for the health of consumers. This study was conducted to identify the physiological processes that contribute to the higher grain amino acid content in hybrid rice cultivar Lingliangyou 268 compared to Luliangyou 996. The results showed that total amino acid content in grains was 9% higher in Lingliangyou 268 than in Luliangyou 996. There was no significant difference in grain nitrogen (N) content between Lingliangyou 268 and Luliangyou 996, while ratio of amino acid to N was 6% higher in Lingliangyou 268 compared… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effects of Melatonin on Growth, Physiology and Gene Expression in Rice Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress

    Xiachen Lv1,#, Yunxia Fang1,#, Lantian Zhang1, Weiyi Zhang1, Ling Xu1, Jingjin Han1, Bailing Jin2, Xian Zhang1, Xiaoqin Zhang1,*, Dawei Xue1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.2, pp. 91-100, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.06622

    Abstract Melatonin (MLT) is a hormonal substance found in many organisms and can improve plant stress resistance. In this study, the japonica rice variety Y32 and indica rice variety NJ6 were cultivated in hydroponics under different concentrations of CdCl2 at the two-leaf stage. The growth, physiological and biochemical responses of the seedlings and the expression of cadmium (Cd)-related genes under exogenous melatonin (MLT) treatment were assessed. The results indicated that Cd stress destroyed the dynamic balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and removal, resulting in ROS accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and impaired growth and development. Following the… More >

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