Jialin Wan¹, Muhammad Waqas^1,2, Shanshan Tu^1,*, Syed Mudassir Hussain³, Ahsan Shah², Sadaqat Ur Rehman⁴, Muhammad Hanif²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 267-281, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016260

Abstract Fog computing paradigm extends computing, communication, storage, and network resources to the network’s edge. As the fog layer is located between cloud and end-users, it can provide more convenience and timely services to end-users. However, in fog computing (FC), attackers can behave as real fog nodes or end-users to provide malicious services in the network. The attacker acts as an impersonator to impersonate other legitimate users. Therefore, in this work, we present a detection technique to secure the FC environment. First, we model a physical layer key generation based on wireless channel characteristics. To generate the secret keys between the… More >

Abdullah Alharbi^1,*, Wael Alosaimi¹, M. Irfan Uddin²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 303-317, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016230

Abstract COVID-19 disease is spreading exponentially due to the rapid transmission of the virus between humans. Different countries have tried different solutions to control the spread of the disease, including lockdowns of countries or cities, quarantines, isolation, sanitization, and masks. Patients with symptoms of COVID-19 are tested using medical testing kits; these tests must be conducted by healthcare professionals. However, the testing process is expensive and time-consuming. There is no surveillance system that can be used as surveillance framework to identify regions of infected individuals and determine the rate of spread so that precautions can be taken. This paper introduces a… More >

Hegazy Rezk^1,2,*, Mohammed Mazen Alhato³, Mohemmed Alhaider¹, Soufiene Bouallègue^3,4

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 185-199, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016175

Abstract In this research paper, an improved strategy to enhance the performance of the DC-link voltage loop regulation in a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind energy system has been proposed. The proposed strategy used the robust Fractional-Order (FO) Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique. The FOPI control contains a non-integer order which is preferred over the integer-order control owing to its benefits. It offers extra flexibility in design and demonstrates superior outcomes such as high robustness and effectiveness. The optimal gains of the FOPI controller have been determined using a recent Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO) algorithm. During the optimization process,… More >

Ahmed S. Salama^1,2,3, Mohamed Amr Mokhtar³, Mazhar B. Tayel³, Esraa Eldesouky^4,6, Ahmed Ali^5,6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 431-446, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016165

Abstract Assuring medical images protection and robustness is a compulsory necessity nowadays. In this paper, a novel technique is proposed that fuses the wavelet-induced multi-resolution decomposition of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with the energy compaction of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DCT). The multi-level Encryption-based Hybrid Fusion Technique (EbhFT) aims to achieve great advances in terms of imperceptibility and security of medical images. A DWT disintegrated sub-band of a cover image is reformed simultaneously using the DCT transform. Afterwards, a 64-bit hex key is employed to encrypt the host image as well as participate in the second key creation process to… More >

Haoran Huang¹, Qinyong Lin², Weitong Chen³, Kai Fang⁴, Huazhou Chen⁵, Ken Cai^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 1303-1320, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016163

Abstract To better reflect the psychological behavior characteristics of loss aversion, this paper builds a double reference point decision making method for dynamic multi-attribute decision-making (DMADM) problem, taking bottom-line and target as reference pints. First, the gain/loss function is given, and the state is divided according to the relationship between the gain/loss value and the reference point. Second, the attitude function is constructed based on the results of state division to establish the utility function. Third, the comprehensive utility value is calculated as the basis for alternatives classification and ranking. Finally, the new method is used to evaluate the development level… More >

Ra’ed M. Al-Khatib^1,*, Taha Zerrouki², Mohammed M. Abu Shquier³, Amar Balla⁴, Asef Al-Khateeb⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 1255-1269, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016155

Abstract This paper introduces a new enhanced Arabic stemming algorithm for solving the information retrieval problem, especially in medical documents. Our proposed algorithm is a light stemming algorithm for extracting stems and roots from the input data. One of the main challenges facing the light stemming algorithm is cutting off the input word, to extract the initial segments. When initiating the light stemmer with strong initial segments, the final extracting stems and roots will be more accurate. Therefore, a new enhanced segmentation based on deploying the Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG) model is utilized. In addition to extracting the powerful initial segments,… More >

Mohd Effendi Ewan Mohd Matore^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 1235-1253, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016143

Abstract Assessment using Bloom’s taxonomy levels has evolved in a variety of contexts and uses. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitates use of online assessment, the need for teachers to use digital-based taxonomy skills or Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy (BDT) has increased even more. However, the existing studies on validity and reliability of BDT items are limited. To overcome this limitation, this study aims to test whether BDT has good psychometric characteristics as a teacher’s self-assessment tool using the Rasch model analysis and to investigate the pattern of BDT usage in teaching and learning. By using a quantitative online… More >

Surajo Muhammad^1,*, Jun Jiat Tiang¹, Sew Kin Wong¹, Amjad Iqbal¹, Amor Smida², Mohamed Karim Azizi³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 167-184, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016133

Abstract This paper presents a compact multi-band rectifier with an improved impedance matching bandwidth. It uses a combination of п–matching network (MN) at Port-1, with a parallel connection of three cell branch MN at Port-2. The proposed impedance matching network (IMN) is adopted to reduce circuit complexity, to improve circuit performance, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the rectifier at low input power. The fabricated rectifier prototype operates at 0.92, 1.82, 2.1, 2.46 and 2.65 GHz covering GSM/900, GSM/1800, UMTS2100, and Wi-Fi/2.45–LTE2600. The size of the compact rectifier on the PCB board is 0.13λ_g × 0.1λ_g. The fabricated rectifier achieved an… More >

Muhammad Adeel Azam¹, Khan Bahadar Khan^2,*, Muhammad Ahmad³, Manuel Mazzara⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 821-840, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016131

Abstract For the last two decades, physicians and clinical experts have used a single imaging modality to identify the normal and abnormal structure of the human body. However, most of the time, medical experts are unable to accurately analyze and examine the information from a single imaging modality due to the limited information. To overcome this problem, a multimodal approach is adopted to increase the qualitative and quantitative medical information which helps the doctors to easily diagnose diseases in their early stages. In the proposed method, a Multi-resolution Rigid Registration (MRR) technique is used for multimodal image registration while Discrete Wavelet… More >

Adnan A. Hnaif^*, Abdelfatah A. Tamimi, Ayman M. Abdalla, Iqbal Jebril

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 505-519, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016123

Abstract Many routing protocols, such as distance vector and link-state protocols are used for finding the best paths in a network. To find the path between the source and destination nodes where every node is visited once with no repeats, Hamiltonian and Hypercube routing protocols are often used. Nonetheless, these algorithms are not designed to solve the problem of a node failure, where one or more nodes become faulty. This paper proposes an efficient modified Fault-free Hamiltonian Cycle based on the Hypercube Topology (FHCHT) to perform a connection between nodes when one or more nodes become faulty. FHCHT can be applied… More >