Nazım Furkan Günay^*, Mücahit Gelmiş, Çağlar Dizdaroğlu, Abdullah Esmeray, Ufuk Çağlar, Ömer Sarılar, Faruk Özgör

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 281-290, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.072419 - 20 April 2026

Abstract Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses unique challenges in the management of renal stones, and high-quality evidence to guide treatment decisions is limited. This study aimed to compare the effects of flexible ureteroscopy (f-URS) and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (m-PCNL) on perioperative outcomes and long-term renal function in patients with CKD and renal stones. Methods: This prospective randomized study included 60 CKD patients with renal stones measuring 1–4 cm. Participants were randomized into f-URS (n = 24) and m-PCNL (n = 36) groups. Baseline demographics, stone characteristics, and perioperative parameters were recorded. Stone-free rate (SFR) was defined… More >

Benedikt Becker^1,2, Sophia Hook¹, Carla Dapper¹, Julius Bergmann¹, Christopher Netsch¹, Simon Filmar^1,*

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 271-279, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.072386 - 20 April 2026

Abstract Background: Holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho: YAG) laser technology has long been employed for urinary stone fragmentation; however, its limitations have prompted the exploration of alternative systems such as thulium lasers. This study aims to compare a novel pulsed solid-state Thulium: YAG (Tm: YAG) laser to the standard Ho: YAG laser in Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (Mini-PCNL) lithotripsy for renal calculi. Methods: In total, 100 patients undergoing Mini-PCNL were enrolled in this clinical trial. Fifty patients treated with a holmium laser were selected from a retrospective database. These patients were compared to fifty patients who were prospectively enrolled and… More >

Serkan Özcan^1,*, Mertcan Dama², Enis Mert Yorulmaz¹, Osman Köse¹, Sacit Nuri Görgel¹, Yiğit Akın¹

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 377-386, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.072282 - 20 April 2026

Abstract Objectives: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is an established treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but early postoperative dysuria and incontinence remain common concerns. The Virtual Basket (VB) mode has been proposed to reduce tissue trauma. This study evaluated whether VB use improves early postoperative recovery without compromising HoLEP efficacy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 168 men who underwent HoLEP between September 2023 and September 2024. Patients were categorized into three groups according to laser settings: 100 W Standard (n = 65), 100 W VB (n = 49), and 80 W VB (n =… More >

Manish Kuchakulla^1,2,*, Hriday P. Bhambhvani^1,2, Robert Fisch^1,2, Runzhuo Ma^1,2, Jonathan Gal², Marc Goldstein²

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 441-449, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.071275 - 20 April 2026

Abstract Objectives: Men with obstructive azoospermia (OA) or infertility often require surgical sperm retrieval for assisted reproductive techniques. While sperm can be successfully obtained from either the testis or epididymis in these patients, sperm DNA integrity may differ between retrieval sites, which could influence reproductive outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether bilateral epididymal and/or testicular sperm extraction is necessary in men with OA or infertility and elevated DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed men who underwent bilateral testicular biopsy and/or microscopic epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) by a single surgeon from 2020–2022. TUNEL assays… More >

Mark W. Shilling¹, Shawn L. Fernandez², George J. Ryan¹, Juila G. Kim³, David C. Majure⁴, Frances M. Alba⁵, Reza Ehsanian^1,*

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 427-440, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.070606 - 20 April 2026

Abstract Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at high risk for developing neurogenic bladder or neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), which can lead to severe complications and negatively impact quality of life. Despite the critical need for timely urologic care, barriers to access remain poorly understood, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aims to identify systemic and perceived barriers to urologic follow-up for individuals with SCI treated at an academic medical center. Methods: A single-center, observational study was conducted on individuals presenting with a diagnosis code indicative of complete SCI at an academic… More >

Yifan Huang^1,2,#, Bingzhi Han^2,#, Zikai Huang^1,2, Qianhao Huang², Tao Wang^2,*, Yuedong Chen^1,2,*

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 309-323, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2026.070466 - 20 April 2026

Abstract Objectives: The external physical vibration lithecbole (EPVL) is a new device. It is clinically employed to improve the stone-free rate (SFR). However, it is not widely accepted in clinical practice due to the lack of high-level evidentiary support and a standard protocol. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of external physical vibration lithecbole (EPVL) as an adjunct to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for upper urinary tract stones. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Cochrane Library… More >

Shanhong Luo¹, Hongjuan Xu^2,*

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 417-426, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.069884 - 20 April 2026

Abstract Background: Early detection and timely treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) can prevent the aggravation of the inflammatory response following a stroke and enhance the recovery of neurological function. This study aimed to develop a simple scoring system by integrating nutritional and inflammatory markers to predict the occurrence of UTIs in patients with acute stroke. Methods: Reviews of 1011 patients with acute stroke were retrieved. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were utilized to develop a composite score of nutritional-systemic inflammation response index (G-SIRI). The primary endpoint was the… More >

Zhenzhen Yang^1,#, Linxin Jiang^2,#, Shan Yin^3,*

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 261-270, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.069717 - 20 April 2026

Abstract Objectives: Kidney stone disease is increasingly prevalent and may be linked to metabolic factors such as insulin resistance, but there is currently no direct evidence connecting estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) to kidney stones. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between eGDR and kidney stone prevalence. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007–2018, including 29,753 participants aged 20 years and older. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and nonlinear models were employed to assess the relationship between eGDR and self-reported kidney stone history. Results: Among… More > Graphic Abstract

Xiangyu Chen^#, Congzhe Ren^#, Lijun Xie, Xiaoqiang Liu^*

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 339-348, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.069578 - 20 April 2026

Abstract Background: Regional differences in the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) and prostatitis may be due to different food intake. But which foods affect PCa and prostatitis development or progression remains controversial. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between PCa and prostatitis and 30 different foods using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis. Methods: Data on 30 different foods were screened from the UK Biobank. PCa data came from a large meta-analysis of 140,254 individuals; prostatitis was obtained from the FinnGen consortium. The inverse variance weighted method was the main analysis… More >

Sarah M. Kodres–O’Brien^*, Mackenzie Koellermeier, Nayan Shah, Peter Langenstroer

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 471-476, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.069550 - 20 April 2026

Abstract Background: Retained bullet fragments in the genitourinary tract following gunshot wound is rare and require removal. Case Description: We present the case of a retained bullet in the prostate following a gunshot wound to the pelvis, which was endoscopically removed. A urethral catheter and suprapubic tube were placed. The patient then had migration of a second bullet fragment into the prostatic urethra six weeks later, requiring open removal. Conclusions: This case shows that several approaches can be considered to remove retained bullet fragments from the urinary tract. Furthermore, access to the bladder via a suprapubic tube More >