Lianglei Yin¹, Shuhong Li^1,*, Jun Wu², Jianbing Zhu², Jingjie An², Wei Sheng³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.084035 - 06 August 2026

Abstract To reduce the reheating energy consumption in traditional constant temperature and humidity air conditioning systems, a constant temperature and humidity air conditioning system with condensation heat compensation function is proposed. This system performs reheating treatment on the supply air by combining condensation heat recovery with electric heating, realizing decoupled control of temperature and humidity and ensuring control accuracy. A system model and corresponding experimental platform are established to verify the model’s accuracy, and the experimental results show that the system has a temperature control accuracy of ±0.2°C and a relative humidity control accuracy of ±2%. More >

Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab^1,*, Hamid Abdallah Dhaher², Miqdam T. Chaichan^3,4, Saif Ali Kadhim⁵, Hayder Mohsin Ali⁵, Muataz S. Alhassan⁶, Mohammed Fathi Muzahem³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.083821 - 06 August 2026

Abstract The magnetohydrodynamics of bubbly nanofluid flow in a horizontal pipe was studied. The drag-reduction effect of the behavior of a magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid in bubbly flow was experimentally verified by generating bubbles in the flow. The study examined the effects of the magnetic field on bubble formation by observing bubble characteristics, including shape, size, and trajectory. The experimental analysis adopted an optical system using a high-speed video camera. A MATLAB code was developed to track bubble formation in bubbly flow. The magnetic field affects the continuous nanofluid phase and, in turn, influences the gas phase and… More >

Bindu Vadlamudi¹, Subhojit Dawn^1,*, Ishwarya Devarakonda¹, Sri Hari Priya Lanka¹, Sujan Turaka¹, Taha Selim Ustun^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.083555 - 06 August 2026

Abstract Agricultural irrigation consumes a large share of electricity in rural areas, creating predictable peak conditions on distribution systems that can lead to grid instability and unreliability. Classic load-forecasting and scheduling methods are time-consuming and unable to respond rapidly to fluctuating irrigation demand. Additionally, most traditional methods require a stable internet connection to function and therefore cannot readily adapt to seasonal changes or crop-specific irrigation requirements. This creates inefficiencies in energy consumption and inconsistencies in water delivery to consumers. To reduce these drawbacks, this research proposes a framework for irrigation forecasting and dynamic scheduling for agricultural… More >

Rongyu Yang¹, Qiaoxin Li², Hao Cheng^1,*, Rui Gao¹, Yongli Li^1,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.082907 - 06 August 2026

Abstract The prediction of the steady-state performance of the electrolysis cell is not only crucial for evaluating the rationality of its design and operational benchmarks, but also provides an important foundation for understanding its dynamic response behavior. This paper presents an efficient data-driven method based on three-dimensional two-phase numerical simulation and machine learning (ML) to rapidly predict the steady-state performance of proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells (PEMEC) under multi-physics field coupling conditions. The framework is based on three key operating parameters—temperature, pressure, and inlet flow velocity. A polarization curve dataset was constructed through multi-condition numerical simulations,… More > Graphic Abstract

Sana Handor^1,*, Mohamed Manoua², Mohamed Sahlaoui¹, Laura Hrostea³, Mustapha Adar⁴, Mohammed Sajieddine¹, Liviu Leontie³, Abdelati Razouk^1,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.082739 - 06 August 2026

Abstract In this study, thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) were deposited onto glass and indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates at room temperature, using plasma-assisted pulsed DC sputtering with a 99.9% pure stoichiometric TiO₂ target. Our research aims to investigate the influence of film thickness on the optical, structural, and morphological properties of TiO₂ nanostructured thin films, as well as its impact on the photovoltaic performance of heterojunctions where TiO₂ serves as the emitter. Using advanced PRISA software, parameters such as refractive index, film thickness, and band gap energy were determined. Spectrophotometry analysis shows that TiO₂ thin film samples More > Graphic Abstract

Supriya Wadekar¹, Shailendra Mittal¹, Ganesh Wakte^2,*, Mrunali Kite², Aditya Ghonmode², Riya Devkate²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.082685 - 06 August 2026

Abstract The rapid expansion of electric vehicles (EVs) and the emergence of the Internet of Electric Vehicles (IoEV) have created considerable operational challenges for modern power systems. Large-scale EV charging can cause peak demand surges, voltage instability, and inefficient utilization of renewable energy resources when charging activities are not effectively coordinated. This study proposes an uncertainty-aware distributed optimization framework for smart EV charging in cyber-physical smart grids, in which charging schedules are coordinated while simultaneously considering grid capacity constraints, stochastic EV arrival patterns, renewable energy variability, and battery degradation effects. A multi-objective optimization model is formulated… More >

Fatin Nadhirah¹, Surajudeen Sikiru^1,2,*, Mohd Muzamir Mahat^1,3

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.082624 - 06 August 2026

Abstract Agricultural waste has received increased attention as a sustainable precursor for activated carbon manufacture because of its availability, inexpensive price, and ecological benefits. However, the search for the right biomass and optimization of the activation process remain one of the major challenges in the production of high-performance composites in energy storage applications. In this study, pyrolysis of durian and eggshells was performed for activated carbon production using sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) and orthophosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) as activating agents, then combined both together with a ratio of 1:1 to produce a hybrid activated carbon to increase the performance… More >

Yan Ren Than, Sicong Xiao^*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.082487 - 06 August 2026

Abstract This paper presents the development and capabilities of the Broad-scope Environment for Dual-phase advanced reactor Operation simulation Kit (BEDOK), an in-house nuclear reactor simulator code created in Singapore to enhance regional expertise in the complex field of numerical simulation techniques and its applications. Designed with an emphasis on both flexibility and precision, BEDOK currently supports steady-state problems in light water reactors (LWRs), with the intention of further development of simulation capabilities, which may cover advanced small modular reactors (SMRs) that are of interest in the local region. The code features a modular architecture, allowing easy… More >

Fan Zhang, Lingxin Liao^*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.082305 - 06 August 2026

Abstract Against the backdrop of the global climate governance paradigm shifting from “consensus building” to “action implementation”, how climate risk drives the green transformation of energy enterprises has become a critical research topic. Based on a sample of Chinese A-share listed energy enterprises from 2016 to 2024, this paper systematically examines the impact of climate risk on green transformation and the mediating role of R&D innovation. This study finds that climate risk accelerates the green transformation of energy enterprises, and this conclusion remains robust after replacing the measurement approaches of core variables. Second, mechanism tests indicate More >

Theint Theint Maw, Shuai Zhou^*, Tek Tjing Lie

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.081744 - 06 August 2026

Abstract The rapid deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs), including photovoltaic (PV) generation, wind turbines (WT), battery energy storage systems (BESS), and electric vehicles (EVs), is transforming modern distribution networks by introducing bidirectional power flows, voltage variations, and increased operational complexity, thereby require enhanced system resilience. This paper presents a systematic review of multi-objective optimization approaches for interconnected multi-microgrid (MMG) systems with explicit consideration of resilience, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A structured literature search and screening process was conducted across major databases, including IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, covering publications from 2015 to 2026. The More >