Open Access

ARTICLE

Spatio-Temporal Monitoring and Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Domestic and Agricultural Use in Kurukshetra District, Haryana, India

Aakash Deep^*, Sushil Kumar, Bhagwan Singh Chaudhary

Department of Geophysics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

* Corresponding Author: Aakash Deep. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Geospatial Techniques for Precision Agriculture and Water Resources Sustainability)

Revue Internationale de Géomatique 2026, 35, 79-100. https://doi.org/10.32604/rig.2026.074969

Received 22 October 2025; Accepted 14 January 2026; Issue published 05 February 2026

Abstract

The assessment of groundwater quality is crucial for ensuring its safe and sustainable use for domestic and agricultural purposes. The Kurukshetra district in the Indian state of Haryana relies heavily on groundwater to meet household and agricultural needs. Sustainable groundwater management must be assessed in terms of suitability for domestic and agricultural needs in a region. The current study analyzed pre-monsoon geochemical data from groundwater samples in the study area for 1991, 2000, 2010, and 2020. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to create spatial distribution maps for hydrogen ion concentration, total hardness, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, percent sodium, and residual sodium carbonate. The study area was divided into different groundwater quality zones for domestic and agricultural use as per Bureau of Indian Standards and World Health Organization norms. The integrated maps for agriculture and domestic use were prepared by weighted overlays of these parameters in GIS for 2020, highlighting spatial variations across the district. In 2020, approximately 0.52% of the district’s area fell under the good class, while 94.41% was classified as permissible, and 5.07% as the doubtful class in terms of groundwater quality for domestic use. This indicates that the majority of the district falls under the permissible category for domestic water consumption. An area of 51.18% was found as good class, 48.43% as permissible class, and 0.39% as doubtful class for agricultural suitability, which indicates that almost the entire district’s water is suitable for agricultural use. These results suggest that a significant portion of the district’s groundwater is of acceptable quality for both domestic and agricultural purposes, although certain areas may require closer monitoring and management due to water quality issues. This study offers valuable insights into local water resource management and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices at the district level.

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