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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Pollen production pattern in the capitulum of the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

    Astiz V1, LF Hernández2,3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 27-36, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.027

    Abstract The intra-plant pollen production in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was quali- and quantitatively studied. Two modern self-pollinated, high oleic sunflower hybrids were grown during two consecutive seasons: 2009 in three planting dates, and 2010 in two planting dates. Two cross-pollinated varieties of sunflower, Hopi and Havasupai, were also studied to determine if an anomalous intracapitulum pollen gradient observed in preliminary studies could be a remnant character inherited from primitive genotypes. Pollen grains per flower (PGF), anther volume (AV), pollen grain volume (PGV) and pollen viability (PV) were measured in three capitulum sectors, external (ES), middle (MS) and internal (IS).… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Volatile compounds of unifloral honey and floral nectar from Quillaja saponaria

    Santander F1, C Fredes1, G Nuñez1, G Casaubon2, MI Espinoza2, G Montenegro1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 17-26, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.017

    Abstract Currently, the search for chemical markers related to the botanical origin of honey is an important issue because of its potential use as a complementary tool for melisopalinological analysis. The objective of this research was to compare the (1) volatile compounds of Quillaja saponaria Mol. (Fam. Quillajaceae) floral nectar with those of unifloral honey of this same species, and (2) volatile compounds in Q. saponaria honeys from the same geographical origin. For the identification and semiquantification of volatile compounds, Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed. The nectar of Q. saponaria presented volatile compounds different from the compounds identified… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Morphological and immunochemical characterization of the pollen grains of Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae) in a temperate urban area in Argentina

    Bianchimano AS1, MG Murray2,3, ME Aztiria1, B Montes2,3, ML Calfuán2, MI Prat1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 9-15, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.009

    Abstract Chenopodium album is a very polymorphic, cosmopolitan, annual herb that grows spontaneously in modified soils in wasteland in the outlying urban zones of Bahía Blanca. In this city, the flowering period is mainly during February and March, which coincides with the highest concentrations of this pollen type in the atmosphere of the city. The objective of this study was to characterize the pollen grains of Chenopodium album, both morphologically and immunochemically, that were obtained from three different zones in the urban area of Bahía Blanca. Samples were collected from the three separate zones in the city that were far apart.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Germination and vigour of Crotalaria juncea L. (Fabaceae) seed morphotypes

    Pascualides AL y NS Ateca

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.82, pp. 313-319, 2013, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2013.82.313

    Abstract Crotalaria juncea L. (Fabaceae) is an annual herbaceous species native to India. Their seeds have polymorphism in the seed coat color and different seed sizes. Seeds were grouped according to their seed coat color into uniform (dark gray seeds) and variegated (brown mottled seeds), to evaluate the vigour of C. juncea seed morphotypes. They were also classified into small (< 5mm length) and big seeds (>5 mm length). The 1000 seed weight, germination percentage, length and seedling dry weight, electrical conductivity and field emergence were evaluated. The results showed that uniform seeds had greater weight than those variegated of the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Population biology of Elaeodendron transvaalense Jacq. in the presence of harvesting

    Tshisikhawe MP, MW Van Rooyen

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.82, pp. 303-311, 2013, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2013.82.303

    Abstract Elaeodendron transvaalense Jacq. is one of the medicinal plant species commonly used by people in the Venda region. The species is known to treat a variety of diseases. It is widely used and important to traditional healers. Because of this, it found its way into the muthi markets, and it is among the seven most commonly traded plant species in the Venda region. This study investigated the impact of bark harvesting on the population structure of this species. The study revealed that although the level of bark harvesting is high, the species is able to resist that stress since it… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Pollen production in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is affected by air temperature and relative humidity during early reproductive growth

    Astiz V1, LF Hernández2,3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.82, pp. 297-302, 2013, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2013.82.297

    Abstract During microsporogenesis, sunflower florets might be exposed to episodes of day- and night-time temperatures exceeding 30 and 20 °C, respectively, that can affect pollen availability and consequently plant’s yield. The relationship between air temperature and relative humidity during the meiotic phase of microsporogenesis, and the quantity and quality of pollen produced by the flowers, were studied in two sunflower hybrids during two years. The hybrids were grown on irrigated plots in Bahía Blanca (38° 45’ S; 62° 11’ W) in three planting dates (PD) at a density of 5.6 plants/m2. Flowers were consecutively taken as anthesis progressed, sectorizing the capitulum… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Anatomophysiological modifications induced by solid agricultural waste (vermicompost) in lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.)

    Argüello JA, L Seisdedos, MC Díaz Goldfarb, EA Fabio, SB Núñez, A Ledesma

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.82, pp. 289-295, 2013, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2013.82.289

    Abstract The objective of this work was to analyze the impact of a vermicompost treatment on anatomical and physiological modifications related to assimilate partitioning and growth in lettuce seedlings. The results showed that vermicompost increased growth, which was most likely due to an increased activity of the ground meristem of the leaf blade. A greater height and number of chlorenchyma layers were observed in the leaf blade. This was related to an increase in the photosynthetic activity, expressed by an increase in the net assimilation rate. Vermicompost also showed an effect at the procambium level, producing an increase in the number… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Amelioration of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) by foliar application of phosphorus

    Khan A1, I Ahmad1, A Shah1, F Ahmad2, A Ghani1, M Nawaz1, F Shaheen1, HU Fatima1, F Pervaiz1, S Javed1, F Hayat1, H Nawaz1, R Zubair1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.82, pp. 281-287, 2013, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2013.82.281

    Abstract Salinity adversely affects physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Plants might have different methods to decrease the harmful effects of salinity, such as the accumulation of osmolytes and antioxidant compounds. An experiment was conducted in the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Pakistan to determine the effect of different levels of phosphorus (P) on wheat under saline conditions. Data of shoot and root fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll contents, different ion accumulation and yield components of wheat were collected. When different levels of phosphorus were applied on wheat plant under saline conditions, phosphorus reduced the effect of salinity. Applications… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Herbicide combinations to control the weed seedbank in an upland cotton field

    Pereira JR1, AE Duarte2, JB Pitombeira3, MAP da Silva2, NE de M Beltrão1, LM Barros2

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.82, pp. 275-279, 2013, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2013.82.275

    Abstract An experiment was conducted in dryland conditions of the Brazilian Northeast to determine the number of viable weed seeds (seedbank) in an upland cotton crop, and its distribution in the soil profile, before and after using various herbicide treatments. A randomized block design in a split-plot block scheme with 6 replications was used, where the main plots were constituted by a factorial (13 treatments and 2 sampling soil depths), and the subplots by 2 sampling dates. The seedbank was determined by germination of the recovered weed seeds obtained from different soil depths. The highest number of viable weed seeds in… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of tillage system on bread wheat yield and grain quality in the temperate semiarid central zone of La Pampa

    Miravalles MT1, MN Fioretti1, H Mirassón2, ML Faraldo2, L Möck1, RE Brevedan1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.82, pp. 263-273, 2013, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2013.82.263

    Abstract In the present study the effects of three tillage systems: conventional (CT), vertical (VT) and direct drilling (DD) on three bread wheat varieties of different cycle length, were studied, for yield and yield components. Their influence on grain quality, expressed through thousand kernel weight (TKW, g), test weight (TW, kg/hL), grain protein content (GPC, %) and yellowberry percentage (YBP, %) were also studied. The highest average yield was under CT and DD, while the lowest was under VT. The lowest dry matter accumulation and one third fewer spikes per unit area were determined under VT. Concerning grain quality, a comparatively… More >

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