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Turbulent Kinetic Energy of Flow during Inhale and Exhale to Characterize the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient

W. M. Faizal1,*, C. Y. Khor1, Muhammad Nooramin Che Yaakob1, N. N. N. Ghazali2, M. Z. Zainon2, Norliza Binti Ibrahim3, Roziana Mohd Razi4

1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Padang Besar, 02100, Malaysia
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
3 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
4 Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia

* Corresponding Author: W. M. Faizal. Email: email

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Computer Methods in Bio-mechanics and Biomedical Engineering)

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023, 136(1), 43-61. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2023.022716

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate and present the numerical investigation of airflow characteristics using Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) to characterize the upper airway with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) under inhale and exhale breathing conditions. The importance of TKE under both breathing conditions is that it show an accurate method in expressing the severity of flow in sleep disorder. Computational fluid dynamics simulate the upper airway’s airflow via steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) with k–ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The three-dimensional (3D) airway model is created based on the CT scan images of an actual patient, meshed with 1.29 million elements using Materialise Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) and ANSYS software, respectively. High TKE were noticed around the region after the necking (smaller cross-sectional area) during the inhale and exhale breathing. The turbulent kinetic energy could be used as a valuable measure to identify the severity of OSA. This study is expected to provide a better understanding and clear visualization of the airflow characteristics during the inhale and exhale breathing in the upper airway of patients for medical practitioners in the OSA research field.

Graphic Abstract

Turbulent Kinetic Energy of Flow during Inhale and Exhale to Characterize the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient

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Cite This Article

APA Style
Faizal, W.M., Khor, C.Y., Yaakob, M.N.C., Ghazali, N.N.N., Zainon, M.Z. et al. (2023). Turbulent kinetic energy of flow during inhale and exhale to characterize the severity of obstructive sleep apnea patient. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 136(1), 43-61. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2023.022716
Vancouver Style
Faizal WM, Khor CY, Yaakob MNC, Ghazali NNN, Zainon MZ, Ibrahim NB, et al. Turbulent kinetic energy of flow during inhale and exhale to characterize the severity of obstructive sleep apnea patient. Comput Model Eng Sci. 2023;136(1):43-61 https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2023.022716
IEEE Style
W.M. Faizal et al., “Turbulent Kinetic Energy of Flow during Inhale and Exhale to Characterize the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient,” Comput. Model. Eng. Sci., vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 43-61, 2023. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2023.022716



cc Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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