Open Access

ARTICLE

Integration of Frequency Ratio-Analytical Hierarchical Process (FR-AHP) in GIS for Measuring Campus Spatial Accessibility Index

Nur Sabrina Jamal, Nabilah Naharudin^*

Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia

* Corresponding Author: Nabilah Naharudin. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovative Applications and Developments in Geomatics Technology)

Revue Internationale de Géomatique 2025, 34, 751-776. https://doi.org/10.32604/rig.2025.071091

Received 31 July 2025; Accepted 15 September 2025; Issue published 17 October 2025

Abstract

Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) has been integrated with GIS modelling by many studies to aid the decision-making process. This integration enhances modelling by incorporating spatial relationships and using advanced techniques, including the combination of Frequency Ratio (FR) and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), also known as FR-AHP. Although methods like Two-Steps Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA), AHP, and FR are widely applied in measuring accessibility, they have limitations in terms of threshold sensitivity and subjectivity. Hence, this study used FR-AHP, which combines the data-driven strength of FR and the structured decision-making technique of AHP to provide a more reliable evaluation of spatial accessibility. This study aims to integrate FR-AHP with GIS to derive campus spatial accessibility in Shah Alam. Campus spatial accessibility can be measured by using location and distance between origin and destination, topological accessibility for nodes and paths, and contiguous accessibility for surfaces. Understanding these concepts is crucial for determining the appropriate technique. This study utilized MCDA, GIS-based FR, and AHP methods to model spatial accessibility in active mobility and public transport areas, calculating estimation index values and analyzing comparisons between physical factors. A sample survey was conducted among the university’s students to gather information on their origin and destination, as well as the type of transportation used by students. The data were used in calculating the weightage of each physical factor using the FR-AHP method. Then, the Campus Spatial Accessibility Index (CSAI) was determined by using GIS Index Modelling. By using the model, the index was classified into five (5) classes from Very Low to Very High. The results show that Section 2 has the highest accessibility, while the area with the lowest accessibility index is Jalan Zamrud and Jalan Permata, located in Section 7. To analyze the efficiency of FR-AHP, the CSAI was also derived using the weightage derived from FR only. The comparisons revealed that the results derived using FR-AHP are closer to reality than those derived using FR only, as it incorporates human preferences in accessibility. Hence, the findings suggest that the integration of FR-AHP could provide better CSAI than FR only.

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