Open Access

ARTICLE

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Hulu Selangor

Izzah Liyanamadihah Ibrahim¹, Nurhanisah Hashim^1,*, Ainon Nisa Othman^1,*, Noorfatekah Talib², Sarah Shaharuddin³

1 Centre of Studies for Surveying Science and Geomatics, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
2 Centre of Studies for Surveying Science and Geomatics, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, Perlis, 02600, Arau, Malaysia
3 Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50578, Malaysia

* Corresponding Authors: Nurhanisah Hashim. Email: ; Ainon Nisa Othman. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Geospatial Methods and Technologies for Sustainable Built Environment and Engineering)

Revue Internationale de Géomatique 2025, 34, 915-937. https://doi.org/10.32604/rig.2025.072321

Received 24 August 2025; Accepted 28 October 2025; Issue published 09 December 2025

Abstract

This study aims to assess landslide susceptibility in Hulu Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia, an area that is exposed to rapid industrial and infrastructural growth. Six conditioning factors, such as slope, land use, lithology, road proximity, and river proximity, were integrated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in a GIS environment. The weights distribution analysis revealed slope (40.50%) and lithology (23.12%) as the most important factors, followed by river proximity (15.09%) and road proximity (13.76%). The developed susceptibility map was divided into five zones: very low (12.4%), low (18.7%), medium (35.6%), high (22.1%), and very high (11.2%). Model validation was performed using past landslide events, in which it was found that all the reported events in the study area were found in medium to very high susceptibility zones, with 100% accuracy. Notwithstanding this, the validation is limited by the low number of historical landslide locations, which tends to overestimate model performance. The outcome indicates that medium to high susceptibility zones dominate the district, particularly in large road and river networks, identifying the interaction between hydrological processes and human interference in influencing landslide instability. Aside from the scientific understanding of landslide hazard, the results also provide actionable recommendations for land use planning, infrastructure security, and site-specific mitigation strategies in Hulu Selangor.

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Keywords

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