Open Access

ARTICLE

GIS and Remote Sensing-Based Spatial Analysis of Hydrogeochemical Degradation in the Darb El-Arbaein Aquifer System, Egypt

Mohamed ElKashouty^1,*, Mohd Yawar Ali Khan^1,*, Samyah Salem Refadah²

1 Department of Hydrogeology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Geography and GIS, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Authors: Mohamed ElKashouty. Email: ; Mohd Yawar Ali Khan. Email:

Revue Internationale de Géomatique 2026, 35, 161-177. https://doi.org/10.32604/rig.2026.079702

Received 26 January 2026; Accepted 13 March 2026; Issue published 30 April 2026

Abstract

Water scarcity is a significant challenge in arid and semi-arid countries, underscoring the importance of thoroughly studying groundwater resources. Egypt, especially in the Darb El-Arbaein region of the southern Western Desert, faces various water challenges and relies primarily on groundwater from the Nubian Sandstone aquifer. Proper management of this groundwater is essential for addressing these challenges. The study examines the spatial and temporal variations in the hydrogeochemistry of the Nubian sandstone aquifer. Data collected from the aquifer’s monitoring network include key hydrogeochemical parameters, such as total dissolved solid (TDS) and piezometric heads, over different periods. Hydrogeochemical and hydrogeological maps for 2000 and 2012 were generated to identify the main lithogenic and anthropogenic sources. The data shows notable fluctuations over space and time. These maps highlight the presence of both lithogenic and anthropogenic influences. A significant finding is the sharp decline in piezometric levels (21–50 m) from 2000 to 2012, alongside increased TDS levels. This information is crucial for developing effective aquifer management and protection strategies. Aquifer deterministic modeling can pinpoint areas with the highest and lowest potential, aiding decisions on where to invest in additional wells. Remote sensing also provides valuable data about geology and irrigated regions.

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Keywords

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