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ARTICLE
Adverse effects induced by chromium VI, cadmium and arsenic exposure on hypothalamus-pituitary physiology
Jimena P. CABILLA, Sonia A. RONCHETTI, Beatriz H. DUVILANSKI*
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED) UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay
2155, 10° piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina.
* Address correspondence to: Beatriz H. Duvilanski,
BIOCELL 2016, 40(1), 15-18. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2016.40.015
Abstract
Environmental contamination with some metalloids and heavy metals (M/HM) raises concern due
to well known adverse effects on health. Among these pollutants, chromium VI (Cr VI), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) are frequently present as a result of natural sources or due to industrial activities. They are able to easily
enter the organism and negatively affect many organs and systems. In vivo (exposure to Cr VI, Cd or As through
drinking water) and in vitro experiments (primary pituitary cell cultures) were performed in male Wistar rats
to address their actions on hypothalamus-pituitary axis. All the M/HM accumulated in hypothalamus and pituitary gland and decreased pituitary cell viability and prolactin release mostly by generation of reactive oxygen
species, since it was partially prevented by antioxidant treatment. In the pituitary, they increased lipid peroxydation and the expression of several oxidative stress markers. Cell death was mainly due to caspase-dependent
apoptosis. Lactotrophs (prolactin-secreting cells) were the most affected pituitary population. Cd-driven cell
death was also partially calcium- and calpain-dependent. Parallely, Cd stimulated the production of low levels
of nitric oxide which exerted cytoprotective actions. These results showed that these M/HM display deleterious
actions in hypothalamic-pituitary physiology by altering hormone release and promoting cell death.
Keywords
Cite This Article
CABILLA, J. P., RONCHETTI, S. A., DUVILANSKI, B. H. (2016). Adverse effects induced by chromium VI, cadmium and arsenic exposure on hypothalamus-pituitary physiology.
BIOCELL, 40(1), 15–18. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2016.40.015
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