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REVIEW

María P BENAVIDES¹, Susana M GALLEGO¹, Facundo RAMOS ARTUSO², Mariana CHECOVICH³, Andrea GALATRO^*
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 1-6, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.001
Abstract Plants are exposed to environmental stress, in natural and agricultural conditions.Nitric oxide (NO), a small gaseous molecule which plays important roles in plants, has been involved in many physiological processes, and emerged as an important endogenous signaling molecule in the adaptation of plants to biotic and abiotic stress. NO is produced from a variety of enzymatic and non enzymatic sources, which are not yet fully understood. Also, NO and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can produce posttranslational modifications affecting protein function. Nitrate reductase, a key enzyme in the nitrogen metabolism, is a proposed source of NO in plants which could be… More >

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S.S. Bombicino^*, D.E. Iglesias, I.A. Rukavina Mikusic, A. Boveris, L.B. Valdez
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 7-10, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.007
Abstract Diabetic cardiomyopathy, i.e. the ventricular dysfunction in the absence of hypertension or coronary arterial disease, is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to a heightened risk of heart failure and death among diabetic patients. This contractile dysfunction could be associated to mitochondrial dysfunction, in which mitochondrial biogenesis could emerge as a compensatory mechanism triggered in response to hyperglycemia. It has been proposed that nitric oxide synthase activities with enhanced NO production are involved in this process. Alterations in the contractile response and lusitropic reserve were observed in streptozotocin diabetic rats after β-adrenergic stimuli. Additionally, tissue O₂ consumption was… More >

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Juanita BUSTAMANTE^1,*, Analía CZERNICZYNIEC², Silvia LORES-ARNAIZ²
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 11-14, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.011
Abstract The suppressive effects of ketamine on intracellular calcium has been reported in a variety of cells although the mechanisms involved are not well understood. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ketamine effect on the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ accumulation and the cellular Ca²⁺ mobilization using FLUO4-AM and flow cytometry. The results showed that mitochondria from ketamine injected animals presented a lower ability to retain calcium at concentrations higher than 20 μM, as compared with controls (saline injected animals). In addition, ketamine showed a significant decreased KCl-induced intracellular calcium concentration. KCl increased calcium influx through cellular depolarization. According to the… More >

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Jimena P. CABILLA, Sonia A. RONCHETTI, Beatriz H. DUVILANSKI^*
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 15-18, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.015
Abstract Environmental contamination with some metalloids and heavy metals (M/HM) raises concern due to well known adverse effects on health. Among these pollutants, chromium VI (Cr VI), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) are frequently present as a result of natural sources or due to industrial activities. They are able to easily enter the organism and negatively affect many organs and systems. In vivo (exposure to Cr VI, Cd or As through drinking water) and in vitro experiments (primary pituitary cell cultures) were performed in male Wistar rats to address their actions on hypothalamus-pituitary axis. All the M/HM accumulated in hypothalamus and… More >

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Nidia FERRAROTTI¹, Rosario MUSACCO-SEBIO², Christian SAPORITO-MAGRIÑÁ², Juan Manuel ACOSTA², Marisa REPETTO^{2 *}
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 19-22, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.019
Abstract The objective of this work was to study the in vivo time course of biochemical processes of oxidative damage in the brain of Sprague-Dawley rats that received an acute overload of the redox active metals iron (Fe) and copper (Cu), and the redox inactive cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni). Oxidative stress indicators (phospholipid and protein oxidation), glutathione (GSH), antioxidant enzymes and NADPH oxidase activities, and the plasma inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) were measured. The results showed that in brain oxidative mechanisms for both sets of metal are different, however in both cases are irreversible. The mechanism for Fe and Cu oxidative… More >

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Marcelo HERNANDO¹, Christian HOUGHTON¹, Leda GIANNUZZI², Bernd KROCK³, Darío ANDRINOLO², Gabriela MALANGA^4,*
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 23-26, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.023
Abstract Cyanobacteria are phototrophic organisms with great ecological and economical importance. Species of the genus Microcystis are known for their potential ability to synthesize toxins, notably microcystins. There is a growing interest in the evaluation of oxidative stress in relation to the impact of global climate change on natural ecosystems in different trophic levels. Several studies have focused on the analysis of organismal responses to mitigate the damage by controlling the generation of reactive oxygen species. Variations in environmental factors caused by climate change generate a situation of oxidative damage in Microcystis aeruginosa as a direct or indirect consequence. In this… More >

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Darío E. IGLESIAS^*, Silvina S. BOMBICINO, Alberto BOVERIS, Laura B. VALDEZ
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 27-30, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.027
Abstract Complex III plays a central role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain transferring electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and pumping protons to the intermembrane space, contributing to the protonmotive force. Furthermore, complex III can act as a source of O₂ •- in the presence of ubiquinol and antimycin, an expermiental condition in which the oxidation of the cytochrome b hemes is blocked. The O₂ •- dismutation catalyzed by superoxide dismutase produces H₂O₂, a known second messenger in redox signalling. Results from our laboratory have shown that NO, released from GSNO or from SPER -NO or generated by mtNOS, inhibits electron… More >

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Analia G. Karadayian¹, Juanita Bustamante², Silvia Lores-Arnaiz^{1, *}
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 31-34, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.031
Abstract Alcohol hangover (AH) is defined as the temporary state after alcohol binge-like drinking, starting when EtOH is absent in plasma. Results from our laboratory have shown behavioral impairments and mitochondrial dysfunction in an experimental model of AH in mice. Our model consisted in a single i.p. injection of EtOH (3.8 g/kg BW) or saline solution in male and female mice, sacrificing the animals 6 hours after injection. Motor and affective behavior together with mitochondrial function and free radical production were evaluated in brain cortex and cerebellum during AH. Results showed that hangover animals exhibited a significant reduction in neuromuscular coordination,… More >

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Gabriela MALANGA, Paula Mariela GONZÁLEZ, Juan Manuel OSTERA, Susana PUNTARULO^*
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 35-38, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.035
Abstract The harmful effects of the reactive species may be due to the increase in their steady state concentration either by the enhancement of their production rates and/or the decrease of their consumption rate by antioxidant activity. The ascorbyl radical (A^• ) can be considered as a final product of radical oxidative transformations of ascorbate (AH^-). The ratio A^• content/AH^- content (A^• /AH^-) has been widely used as an interesting tool to estimate mild to moderate oxidative transformations, providing a quick and simple method of diagnosis of stress in the hydrophilic cellular medium. The aim of this work was to summarize… More >

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Natacha E PILONI, Elizabeth ROBELLO, Julián G BONETTO, Susana PUNTARULO^*
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 39-42, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.039
Abstract Fe is essential for human life because it constitutes the required cofactor for proteins of diverse biological functions. However, the development of oxidative stress by exposure to excessive Fe, share signaling pathways with other treatments including activation of redox-sensitive factors. This study was focused on the comparison on the effects of Fe in the brain and other organs in vivo. The oxidative effects triggered by Fe overload strongly depend not only on the administration protocol, but also on the Fe-compound used, and the studied organ. In both the liver and the brain, Fe content drastically increased after Fe-dextran administration. However,… More >

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M. Rodríguez, B. Buchholz, V. D’Annuzio, M. Donato, G.E. González, M. A. Goyeneche, T. Mazo, V. Pérez, L. Wilensky, R.J. Gelpi^*
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 43-46, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.043
Abstract Dystrophin is a membrane-associated protein responsible for structural stability of the sarcolemma in cardiac myocytes and is very sensitive to ischemic damage. The goal of our study was to determine if ischemic preconditioning could prevent dystrophin breakdown through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity. Isolated rabbit hearts were subjected to global ischemia with or without reperfusion in order to evaluate if dystrophin is preserved by ischemic preconditioning through MMP-2 inhibition. Ischemic preconditioning significantly reduced the infarct size induced by 30 min of ischemia and 180 min of reperfusion. Importantly, it also diminished dystrophin proteolysis and attenuated MMP-2 activity after 30… More >

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Virginia VANASCO, Timoteo MARCHINI, Natalia MAGNANI, Tamara VICO, Mariana GARCES, Lourdes CACERES, Alejandro GUAGLIANONE, Pablo EVELSON, Silvia ALVAREZ.^*
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 47-50, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.047
Abstract Several authors have addressed the importance of mitochondrial function in inflammatory syndromes, as it may play a role in the genesis of tissue injury. Sepsis and exposition to environmental particles are examples of inflammatory conditions. Sepsis occurs with an exacerbated inflammatory response that damages tissue mitochondria and impairs bioenergetic processes. One of the current hypotheses for the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex condition of sepsis is that enhanced NO production and oxidative stress lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic derangement and organ failure. The mechanism of particulate matter-health effects are believed to involve inflammation and oxidative stress. Components in particles that… More >

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Claudia G. REIDES^1,2, Romina M. LASAGNI VITAR^1,2, Agustina PEVERINI¹, Natasha S. JANEZIC¹, Ailen G. HVOZDA ARANA¹, Sandra M. FERREIRA^1,2, Susana F. LLESUY^1,2*
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 51-54, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.051
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the redox status changes of primary visual targets in the rat brain of a high pressure-induced glaucoma model. The animal model consisted of inducing ocular hypertension by cauterizing two episcleral veins on the left eye. The markers of oxidative damage and the oxidative balance evaluated in the brain seven days postoperative were: nitrites concentration, levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes activity.
The increase in the nitrite content, which could be the result of the enhancement in the production of nitrogen species, and in the activity of NADPH oxidase in the glaucoma… More >

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Tamara ZAOBORNYJ, Darío E. IGLESIAS, Silvina S. BOMBICINO, Alberto BOVERIS, Laura B. VALDEZ^*
BIOCELL, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 55-58, 2016, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2016.40.055
Abstract Normal cardiac function is accomplished through a continuous energy supply provided by mitochondria. Heart mitochondria are the major source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: superoxide anion (O₂-) and nitric oxide (NO). NO production by mitochondrial NOS (mtNOS) is modified by metabolic state and shows an exponential dependence on Δψ. The interaction between mtNOS and complexes I and IV might be a mechanism involved in the regulation of mitochondrial NO production. NO exerts a high affinity, reversible and physiological inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity. A second effect of NO on the respiratory chain is accomplished through its interaction with… More >

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