Open Access

REVIEW

Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease, nitroxidative stress and dysbiosis: What is the link between them?

AMYLLY SANUELLY DA PAZ MARTINS¹, SAMARA BOMFIM GOMES CAMPOS², MARÍLIA OLIVEIRA FONSECA GOULART^1,2,3, FABIANA ANDRÉA MOURA^4,*

1 Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil
2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil
3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química e Biotecnologia (PPGQB/UFAL), Campus A. C. Simões, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil
4 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição (PPGNU/UFAL), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas (PPGCM/UFAL), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil

* Address correspondence to: Fabiana Andréa Moura,

BIOCELL 2021, 45(3), 461-481. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2021.014332

Received 17 September 2020; Accepted 20 November 2020; Issue published 03 March 2021

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, has a not yet completely defined aetiology and is characterized by a progressive chronic inflammation that involves nitroxidative stress and dysbiosis. Extraintestinal manifestations can occur and affect several organs, including the liver and bile ducts, joints, skin, eyes, and less frequently, the heart, brain, and kidneys, increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. These repercussions may be associated with the activity or severity of IBD. The present review proposes to report and analyse the participation of dysbiosis and nitroxidative stress in the genesis of extraintestinal manifestations, aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the disease and to focus on the development of individualized preventive and therapeutic strategies.

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Citations