Open Access

ARTICLE

Decentralized Sports Streaming Authorization: A Three-Layer Cryptographic Architecture for Live and On-Demand Access

Liangyu Lin, Li Feng^*, Lin Huang

Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China

* Corresponding Author: Li Feng. Email:

Computers, Materials & Continua 2026, 88(2), 83 https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2026.083047

Received 02 April 2026; Accepted 08 May 2026; Issue published 15 June 2026

Abstract

The modern sports streaming market is severely fragmented, forcing fans into costly, siloed platforms. While blockchain-based decentralized architectures offer a unified, interoperable sport streaming ecosystem, securely delivering commercial video over untrusted infrastructure remains a profound cryptographic challenge. Existing schemes fail to simultaneously support highly granular on-demand highlights and large scale dynamic live subscriptions. To resolve this, we propose a novel decentralized authorization architecture that systematically integrates existing cryptographic primitives into a decoupled three-layer protocol. By securely bridging on-chain state transitions with off-chain cryptographic enforcement, our architecture directly maps commercial payment workflows onto the underlying key evolution logic. The protocol leverages a top-down Binary Hash Tree for arbitrary-grained aggregated authorization of static highlights, while combining a salt-governed forward hash chain with dynamic Identity-Based Broadcast Encryption to achieve state-driven adaptive authorization for live streams. Rigorous theoretical analysis and extensive evaluations confirm the robust security and high efficiency of our proposed architecture.

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Keywords

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