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CT-NET: A Novel Convolutional Transformer-Based Network for Short-Term Solar Energy Forecasting Using Climatic Information

Muhammad Munsif1,2, Fath U Min Ullah1,2, Samee Ullah Khan1,2, Noman Khan1,2, Sung Wook Baik1,2,*

1 Department of Software Convergence, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Korea
2 Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Korea

* Corresponding Author: Sung Wook Baik. Email: email

Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2023, 47(2), 1751-1773. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2023.038514

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are environmentally friendly, generate green energy, and receive support from policies and organizations. However, weather fluctuations make large-scale PV power integration and management challenging despite the economic benefits. Existing PV forecasting techniques (sequential and convolutional neural networks (CNN)) are sensitive to environmental conditions, reducing energy distribution system performance. To handle these issues, this article proposes an efficient, weather-resilient convolutional-transformer-based network (CT-NET) for accurate and efficient PV power forecasting. The network consists of three main modules. First, the acquired PV generation data are forwarded to the pre-processing module for data refinement. Next, to carry out data encoding, a CNN-based multi-head attention (MHA) module is developed in which a single MHA is used to decode the encoded data. The encoder module is mainly composed of 1D convolutional and MHA layers, which extract local as well as contextual features, while the decoder part includes MHA and feedforward layers to generate the final prediction. Finally, the performance of the proposed network is evaluated using standard error metrics, including the mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). An ablation study and comparative analysis with several competitive state-of-the-art approaches revealed a lower error rate in terms of MSE (0.0471), RMSE (0.2167), and MAPE (0.6135) over publicly available benchmark data. In addition, it is demonstrated that our proposed model is less complex, with the lowest number of parameters (0.0135 M), size (0.106 MB), and inference time (2 ms/step), suggesting that it is easy to integrate into the smart grid.

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Cite This Article

APA Style
Munsif, M., Ullah, F.U.M., Khan, S.U., Khan, N., Baik, S.W. (2023). CT-NET: A novel convolutional transformer-based network for short-term solar energy forecasting using climatic information. Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 47(2), 1751-1773. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2023.038514
Vancouver Style
Munsif M, Ullah FUM, Khan SU, Khan N, Baik SW. CT-NET: A novel convolutional transformer-based network for short-term solar energy forecasting using climatic information. Comput Syst Sci Eng. 2023;47(2):1751-1773 https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2023.038514
IEEE Style
M. Munsif, F.U.M. Ullah, S.U. Khan, N. Khan, and S.W. Baik "CT-NET: A Novel Convolutional Transformer-Based Network for Short-Term Solar Energy Forecasting Using Climatic Information," Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng., vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 1751-1773. 2023. https://doi.org/10.32604/csse.2023.038514



cc Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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