Open Access

ARTICLE

Coordinated Source–Network–Storage Inertia Control Strategy Based on Wind Power Transmission via MMC-HVDC System

Mengxuan Shi¹, Lintao Li², Dejun Shao¹, Xiaojie Pan¹, Xingyu Shi^2,*, Yuxun Wang²
1 Central China Branch of State Grid Corporation of China, State Grid Corporation of China, Wuhan, 430077, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Reduction for Power Grid (School of Electrical and Information Engineering), Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
* Corresponding Author: Xingyu Shi. Email:

Energy Engineering https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2025.069915

Received 03 July 2025; Accepted 22 August 2025; Published online 11 September 2025

Abstract

In wind power transmission via modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) systems, under traditional control strategies, MMC-HVDC cannot provide inertia support to the receiving-end grid (REG) during disturbances. Moreover, due to the frequency decoupling between the two ends of the MMC-HVDC, the sending-end wind farm (SEWF) cannot obtain the frequency variation information of the REG to provide inertia response. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel coordinated source-network-storage inertia control strategy based on wind power transmission via MMC-HVDC system. First, the grid-side MMC station (GS-MMC) maps the frequency variations of the REG to direct current (DC) voltage variations through the frequency mapping control, and uses submodule capacitor energy to provide inertial power. Then, the wind farm-side MMC station (WF-MMC) restores the DC voltage variations to frequency variations through the frequency restoration control and power loss compensation, providing real-time frequency information for the wind farm. Finally, based on real-time frequency information, the wind farm utilizes the rotor kinetic energy and energy storage to provide fast and lasting power support through the wind-storage coordinated inertia control strategy. Meanwhile, when the wind turbines withdraw from the inertia response phase, the energy storage can increase the power output to compensate for the power deficit, preventing secondary frequency drops. Furthermore, this paper uses small-signal analysis to determine the appropriate values for the key parameters of the proposed control strategy. A simulation model of the wind power transmission via MMC-HVDC system is built in MATLAB/Simulink environment to validate and evaluate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed coordinated control strategy can effectively improve the system inertia level and avoid the secondary frequency drop under the load sudden increase condition.

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Keywords

Wind and storage coordination; modular multilevel converter; inertia response; coordinated control

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