Open Access
ISSN:0199-8595(print)
ISSN:1546-0118(online)
Publication Frequency:Monthly
Energy Engineering is an open access peer-reviewed journal dedicating to engineering aspects of energy. It aims to invite researchers, engineers, scientists, technologist, planners, and policy makers to present their original research results and findings on all important energy topics. The topics considered include energy generation, conversion, conservation, utilization, storage, transmission, system, technologies, management, and sustainability. The studies of the impacts of energy use and energy policy are also welcomed.
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Open Access
REVIEW
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1221-1248, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061452 - 31 March 2025
Abstract With the severe challenges brought by global climate change, exploring and developing clean and renewable energy systems to upgrade the energy structure has become an inevitable trend in related research. The comprehensive park systems integrated with photovoltaic, energy storage, direct current, and flexible loads (PEDF) is able to play an important role in promoting energy transformation and achieving sustainable development. In order to fully understand the advantages of PEDF parks in energy conservation and carbon reduction, this paper summarizes existing studies and prospects future research directions on the low-carbon operation of the PEDF park. This… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1249-1264, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061617 - 31 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Energy Resources, Processes, Systems, and Materials-(ICSSD2024))
Abstract One of the most important of these emissions is fine particulate matter, which is a harmful emission of diesel engines, leading to the imposition of strict regulations. Biodiesel, with its high oxygen content, is an effective alternative to significantly reduce these emissions. In this study, rapeseed methyl ester (RME) was used as a diesel engine fuel and the emitted particulate matter was compared with ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). In most experimental studies, the emission of soot was measured. In this work, the effects of injection timing, injection pressure (IP), and engine load on fine particulate… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1265-1285, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.063276 - 31 March 2025
Abstract Following global catastrophic infrastructure loss (GCIL), traditional electricity networks would be damaged and unavailable for energy supply, necessitating alternative solutions to sustain critical services. These alternative solutions would need to run without damaged infrastructure and would likely need to be located at the point of use, such as decentralized electricity generation from wood gas. This study explores the feasibility of using modified light duty vehicles to self-sustain electricity generation by producing wood chips for wood gasification. A 2004 Ford Falcon Fairmont was modified to power a woodchipper and an electrical generator. The vehicle successfully produced… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1287-1309, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060970 - 31 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrated Geology-Engineering Simulation and Optimizationfor Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs)
Abstract Extracted natural gas hydrate is a multi-phase and multi-component mixture, and its complex composition poses significant challenges for transmission and transportation, including phase changes following extraction and sediment deposition within the pipeline. This study examines the flow and heat transfer characteristics of hydrates in a riser, focusing on the multi-phase flow behavior of natural gas hydrate in the development riser. Additionally, the effects of hydrate flow and seawater temperature on heat exchange are analyzed by simulating the ambient temperature conditions of the South China Sea. The findings reveal that the increase in unit pressure drop… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1311-1335, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061709 - 31 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Energy Resources, Processes, Systems, and Materials-(ICSSD2024))
Abstract Size reduction of the gas turbines (GT) by reducing the inlet S-shaped diffuser length increases the power-to-weight ratio. It improves the techno-economic features of the GT by lesser fuel consumption. However, this Length reduction of a bare S-shaped diffuser to an aggressive S-shaped diffuser would risk flow separation and performance reduction of the diffuser and the air intake of the GT. The objective of this research is to propose and assess fitted energy promoters (EPs) to enhance the S-shaped diffuser performance by controlling and modifying the flow in the high bending zone of the diffuser.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1337-1358, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060105 - 31 March 2025
Abstract Rational distribution network planning optimizes power flow distribution, reduces grid stress, enhances voltage quality, promotes renewable energy utilization, and reduces costs. This study establishes a distribution network planning model incorporating distributed wind turbines (DWT), distributed photovoltaics (DPV), and energy storage systems (ESS). K-means++ is employed to partition the distribution network based on electrical distance. Considering the spatiotemporal correlation of distributed generation (DG) outputs in the same region, a joint output model of DWT and DPV is developed using the Frank-Copula. Due to the model’s high dimensionality, multiple constraints, and mixed-integer characteristics, bilevel programming theory is… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1359-1372, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060613 - 31 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Solar and Thermal Energy Systems)
Abstract This research presents a new method to boost the efficiency of evaporative coolers by integrating magnetized water and a heat exchanger. Magnetized water, known for its high evaporation rate and reduced surface tension, offers a promising way to enhance air cooler performance. Additionally, the advanced heat exchanger both improves air cooling capacity and controls humidity levels. Aloni 100 L, a locally manufactured evaporative cooling system, and tap water were used in experiments. Tap water was magnetized using recycled magnets extracted from computer hard drives. Twenty-six magnets meticulously arranged within rectangular grooves, each with a minimum… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1373-1386, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.058058 - 31 March 2025
Abstract Enhancing the efficiency of Rankine cycles is crucial for improving the performance of thermal power plants, as it directly impacts operational costs and emissions in light of energy transition goals. This study sets itself apart from existing research by applying a novel optimization technique to a basic ideal Rankine cycle, focusing on a specific power plant that has not been previously analyzed. Currently, this cycle operates at 41% efficiency and a steam quality of 76%, constrained by fixed operational parameters. The primary objectives are to increase thermal efficiency beyond 46% and raise steam quality above… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1387-1402, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062627 - 31 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Modelling, Optimisation and Forecasting of Photovoltaic and Photovoltaic thermal System Energy Production)
Abstract The photovoltaic (PV) output process is inherently complex, often disrupted by a multitude of meteorological factors, while conventional detection methods at PV power stations prove inadequate, compromising prediction accuracy. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a power prediction method that leverages modal switching (MS), weight factor adjustment (WFA), and parallel long short-term memory (PALSTM). Initially, historical PV power station data is categorized into distinct modes based on global horizontal irradiance and converted solar angles. Correlation analysis is then employed to evaluate the impact of various meteorological factors on PV power, selecting those with strong… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1403-1424, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060256 - 31 March 2025
Abstract To address the issue of coordinated control of multiple hydrogen and battery storage units to suppress the grid-injected power deviation of wind farms, an online optimization strategy for Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems based on measurement feedback is proposed. First, considering the high charge/discharge losses of hydrogen storage and the low energy density of battery storage, an operational optimization objective is established to enable adaptive energy adjustment in the Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system. Next, an online optimization model minimizing the operational cost of the hybrid system is constructed to suppress grid-injected power deviations with… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1425-1442, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062101 - 31 March 2025
Abstract To safeguard the ocean ecosystem, fuel cells are excellent candidates as the primary energy supply for marine vessels due to their high efficiency, low noise, and cleanliness. However, fuel cells in hybrid power systems are highly susceptible to load transients, which can severely damage fuel cells and shorten their lifespan. Therefore, the formulation of energy management strategies accounting for power degradation is crucial and urgent. In this study, an improved strategy for equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) considering power degradation is proposed. The improved energy control strategy effectively controls the energy distribution of hydrogen fuel… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1443-1468, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060113 - 31 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Recent Advance and Development in Solar Energy)
Abstract Amidst the global push for decarbonization, solar-powered Organic Rankine Cycle (SORC) systems are gaining significant attention. The small-scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems have enhanced environmental adaptability, improved system flexibility, and achieved diversification of application scenarios. However, the power consumption ratio of the working fluid pump becomes significantly larger relative to the total power output of the system, adversely impacting overall system efficiency. This study introduces an innovative approach by incorporating a vapor-liquid ejector into the ORC system to reduce the pump work consumption within the ORC. The thermo-economic models for both the traditional ORC… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1469-1489, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059956 - 31 March 2025
Abstract To address the excessive complexity of monthly scheduling and the impact of uncertain net load on the chargeable energy of storage, a reduced time-period monthly scheduling model for thermal generators and energy storage, incorporating daily minimum chargeable energy constraints, was developed. Firstly, considering the variations in the frequency of unit start-ups and shutdowns under different levels of net load fluctuation, a method was proposed to reduce decision time periods for unit start-up and shut-down operations. This approach, based on the characteristics of net load fluctuations, minimizes the decision variables of units, thereby simplifying the monthly… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1491-1509, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061171 - 31 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integrated Geology-Engineering Simulation and Optimizationfor Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs)
Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is a crucial technique for efficient development of coal reservoirs. Coal rocks typically contain a high density of natural fractures, which serve as conduits for fracturing fluid. Upon injection, the fluid infiltrates these natural fractures and leaks out, resulting in complex fracture morphology. The prediction of hydraulic fracture network propagation for coal reservoirs has important practical significance for evaluating hydraulic fracturing. This study proposes a novel inversion method for predicting fracture networks in coal reservoirs, explicitly considering the distribution of natural fractures. The method incorporates three distinct natural fracture opening modes and employs… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1511-1529, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060810 - 31 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Renewable Energy Systems: Integrating Machine Learning for Enhanced Efficiency and Optimization)
Abstract This paper presents a new capacity planning method that utilizes the complementary characteristics of wind and solar power output. It addresses the limitations of relying on a single metric for a comprehensive assessment of complementarity. To enable more accurate predictions of the optimal wind-solar ratio, a comprehensive complementarity rate is proposed, which allows for the optimization of wind-solar capacity based on this measure. Initially, the Clayton Copula function is employed to create a joint probability distribution model for wind and solar power, enabling the calculation of the comprehensive complementarity rate. Following this, a joint planning… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1531-1560, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060795 - 31 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Solar and Thermal Energy Systems)
Abstract In the background of the low-carbon transformation of the energy structure, the problem of operational uncertainty caused by the high proportion of renewable energy sources and diverse loads in the integrated energy systems (IES) is becoming increasingly obvious. In this case, to promote the low-carbon operation of IES and renewable energy consumption, and to improve the IES anti-interference ability, this paper proposes an IES scheduling strategy that considers CCS-P2G and concentrating solar power (CSP) station. Firstly, CSP station, gas hydrogen doping mode and variable hydrogen doping ratio mode are applied to IES, and combined with… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1561-1580, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062844 - 31 March 2025
Abstract Deep mining, characterized by high stress, elevated geothermal gradients, and significant moisture content, significantly increases the risk of Coal Spontaneous Combustion (CSC), posing a major threat to mine safety. This study delves into the impact of these factors on the self-ignition properties of coal, leveraging data from four distinct mines in Heilongjiang Province, China: Shuangyashan Dongrong No. 2 Mine, Hegang Junde Coal Mine, Qitaihe Longhu Coal Mine, and Jixi Ronghua No. 1 Mine. We have honed the theoretical framework to account for variations in gas content during CSC. Our investigation, conducted through programmed temperature rise More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1581-1602, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061010 - 31 March 2025
Abstract The rapid development and increased installed capacity of new energy sources such as wind and solar power pose new challenges for power grid fault diagnosis. This paper presents an innovative framework, the Intelligent Power Stability and Scheduling (IPSS) System, which is designed to enhance the safety, stability, and economic efficiency of power systems, particularly those integrated with green energy sources. The IPSS System is distinguished by its integration of a CNN-Transformer predictive model, which leverages the strengths of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for local feature extraction and Transformer architecture for global dependency modeling, offering significant… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1603-1627, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062908 - 31 March 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Future Innovative Solar Collectors, Technologies, and Materials for Sustainable Development)
Abstract The development of efficient and clean heating technologies is crucial for reducing carbon emissions in regions with severe cold regions. This research designs a novel two-stage phase change heat storage coupled solar-air source heat pump heating system structure that is specifically designed for such regions. The two-stage heat storage device in this heating system expands the storage temperature range of solar heat. The utilization of the two-stage heat storage device not only makes up for the instability of the solar heating system, but can also directly meet the building heating temperature, and can reduce the… More >
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