Open Access
ISSN:0199-8595(print)
ISSN:1546-0118(online)
Publication Frequency:Monthly
Energy Engineering is an open access peer-reviewed journal dedicating to engineering aspects of energy. It aims to invite researchers, engineers, scientists, technologist, planners, and policy makers to present their original research results and findings on all important energy topics. The topics considered include energy generation, conversion, conservation, utilization, storage, transmission, system, technologies, management, and sustainability. The studies of the impacts of energy use and energy policy are also welcomed.
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Open Access
REVIEW
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 1-39, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.056707 - 27 December 2024
Abstract A hydrogen energy storage system (HESS) is one of the many rising modern green innovations, using excess energy to generate hydrogen and storing it for various purposes. With that, there have been many discussions about commercializing HESS and improving it further. However, the design and sizing process can be overwhelming to comprehend with various sources to examine, and understanding optimal design methodologies is crucial to optimize a HESS design. With that, this review aims to collect and analyse a wide range of HESS studies to summarise recent studies. Two different collections of studies are studied,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 41-62, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.057125 - 27 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Materials and Energy an Updated Image for 2023)
Abstract A clean environment with low carbon emissions is the goal of research on the development of green and sustainable buildings that use bio-sourced materials in conjunction with solar energy to create more sustainable cities. This is particularly true in Africa, where there aren’t many studies on the topic. The current study suggests a 90 m2 model of a sustainable building in a dry climate that is movable to address the issue of housing in remote areas, ensures comfort in harsh weather conditions, uses solar renewable resources—which are plentiful in Africa—uses bio-sourced materials, and examines how these… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 63-84, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.057216 - 27 December 2024
Abstract In the independent electro-hydrogen system (IEHS) with hybrid energy storage (HESS), achieving optimal scheduling is crucial. Still, it presents a challenge due to the significant deviations in values of multiple optimization objective functions caused by their physical dimensions. These deviations seriously affect the scheduling process. A novel standardization fusion method has been established to address this issue by analyzing the variation process of each objective function’s values. The optimal scheduling results of IEHS with HESS indicate that the economy and overall energy loss can be improved 2–3 times under different optimization methods. The proposed method More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 85-99, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.057452 - 27 December 2024
Abstract The multi-terminal direct current (DC) grid has extinctive superiorities over the traditional alternating current system in integrating large-scale renewable energy. Both the DC circuit breaker (DCCB) and the current flow controller (CFC) are demanded to ensure the multiterminal DC grid to operates reliably and flexibly. However, since the CFC and the DCCB are all based on fully controlled semiconductor switches (e.g., insulated gate bipolar transistor, integrated gate commutated thyristor, etc.), their separation configuration in the multiterminal DC grid will lead to unaffordable implementation costs and conduction power losses. To solve these problems, integrated equipment with… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 101-128, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.055105 - 27 December 2024
Abstract The emergence of smart grids in India is propelled by an intricate interaction of market dynamics, regulatory structures, and stakeholder obligations. This study analyzes the primary factors that are driving the widespread use of smart grid technologies and outlines the specific roles and obligations of different stakeholders, such as government entities, utility companies, technology suppliers, and consumers. Government activities and regulations are crucial in facilitating the implementation of smart grid technology by offering financial incentives, regulatory assistance, and strategic guidance. Utility firms have the responsibility of implementing and integrating smart grid infrastructure, with an emphasis More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 129-152, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.054867 - 27 December 2024
Abstract This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle (EV) charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities. The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level, estimating its physical dispatchable capability, determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives, modeling its participation in the grid, and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability. The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7% compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3% compared to disorderly More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 153-166, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.051789 - 27 December 2024
Abstract The growing need for sustainable energy solutions, driven by rising energy shortages, environmental concerns, and the depletion of conventional energy sources, has led to a significant focus on renewable energy. Solar energy, among the various renewable sources, is particularly appealing due to its abundant availability. However, the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is hindered by several factors, notably their conversion efficiency, which averages around 19%. This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16% due to temperature increases during peak sunlight hours. This study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 167-184, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.056190 - 27 December 2024
Abstract The new energy power generation is becoming increasingly important in the power system. Such as photovoltaic power generation has become a research hotspot, however, due to the characteristics of light radiation changes, photovoltaic power generation is unstable and random, resulting in a low utilization rate and directly affecting the stability of the power grid. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a coordinated control strategy for a new energy power generation system with a hybrid energy storage unit based on the lithium iron phosphate-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage unit. Firstly, the variational mode decomposition algorithm is… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 185-201, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.056062 - 27 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Hydraulic Fracturing Theory and Application for Geo-energy Development)
Abstract To analyze the differences in the transport and distribution of different types of proppants and to address issues such as the short effective support of proppant and poor placement in hydraulically intersecting fractures, this study considered the combined impact of geological-engineering factors on conductivity. Using reservoir production parameters and the discrete element method, multispherical proppants were constructed. Additionally, a 3D fracture model, based on the specified conditions of the L block, employed coupled (Computational Fluid Dynamics) CFD-DEM (Discrete Element Method) for joint simulations to quantitatively analyze the transport and placement patterns of multispherical proppants in… More >
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Open Access
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Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 203-220, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.056244 - 27 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Modelling, Operation, Management and Diagnosis of Lithium Batteries)
Abstract Precisely estimating the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is essential for battery management systems (BMS), as it plays a key role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery systems. However, current SOH estimation methods often overlook the valuable temperature information that can effectively characterize battery aging during capacity degradation. Additionally, the Elman neural network, which is commonly employed for SOH estimation, exhibits several drawbacks, including slow training speed, a tendency to become trapped in local minima, and the initialization of weights and thresholds using pseudo-random numbers, leading to unstable model performance.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 221-242, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.056380 - 27 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Emerging Technologies for Future Smart Grids)
Abstract The high proportion of uncertain distributed power sources and the access to large-scale random electric vehicle (EV) charging resources further aggravate the voltage fluctuation of the distribution network, and the existing research has not deeply explored the EV active-reactive synergistic regulating characteristics, and failed to realize the multi-timescale synergistic control with other regulating means, For this reason, this paper proposes a multilevel linkage coordinated optimization strategy to reduce the voltage deviation of the distribution network. Firstly, a capacitor bank reactive power compensation voltage control model and a distributed photovoltaic (PV) active-reactive power regulation model are… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 243-264, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.057500 - 27 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Modelling, Operation, Management and Diagnosis of Lithium Batteries)
Abstract Accurately estimating the State of Health (SOH) and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for the continuous and stable operation of battery management systems. However, due to the complex internal chemical systems of LIBs and the nonlinear degradation of their performance, direct measurement of SOH and RUL is challenging. To address these issues, the Twin Support Vector Machine (TWSVM) method is proposed to predict SOH and RUL. Initially, the constant current charging time of the lithium battery is extracted as a health indicator (HI), decomposed using Variational Modal Decomposition (VMD), and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 265-284, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.057380 - 27 December 2024
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Future Innovative Solar Collectors, Technologies, and Materials for Sustainable Development)
Abstract Uneven power distribution, transient voltage, and frequency deviations are observed in the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter during the switching between grid-connected and island modes. In response to these issues, this paper proposes a grid-connected/island switching control strategy for photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters based on the modified chimpanzee optimization algorithm. The proposed strategy incorporates coupling compensation and power differentiation elements based on the traditional droop control. Then, it combines the angular frequency and voltage amplitude adjustments provided by the phase-locked loop-free pre-synchronization control strategy. Precise pre-synchronization is achieved by regulating the virtual current to zero and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 285-306, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.057720 - 27 December 2024
Abstract Present of wind power is sporadically and cannot be utilized as the only fundamental load of energy sources. This paper proposes a wind-solar hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to ensure a stable supply grid for a longer period. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and state of charge (SOC) region division for the batteries are introduced to solve the objective function and configuration of the system capacity, respectively. MATLAB/Simulink was used for simulation test. The optimization results show that for a 0.5 MW wind power and 0.5 MW photovoltaic system, with a combination of a 300 More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 307-329, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.057426 - 27 December 2024
Abstract In the context of the “dual carbon” goals, to address issues such as high energy consumption, high costs, and low power quality in the rapid development of electrified railways, this study focused on the China Railways High-Speed 5 Electric Multiple Unit and proposed a mathematical model and capacity optimization method for an on-board energy storage system using lithium batteries and supercapacitors as storage media. Firstly, considering the electrical characteristics, weight, and volume of the storage media, a mathematical model of the energy storage system was established. Secondly, to tackle problems related to energy consumption and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 331-347, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.055611 - 27 December 2024
Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unit power generation costs. The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the performance of PV modules gradually declines due to internal degradation and external environmental factors. This cumulative degradation impacts the overall reliability of photovoltaic power generation. This study addresses the complex degradation process of PV modules by developing a two-stage Wiener process model. This approach accounts for the distinct phases of degradation resulting from module aging and environmental influences. A power degradation model based on the More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 349-378, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.057676 - 27 December 2024
Abstract In this paper, a bilevel optimization model of an integrated energy operator (IEO)–load aggregator (LA) is constructed to address the coordinate optimization challenge of multiple stakeholder island integrated energy system (IIES). The upper level represents the integrated energy operator, and the lower level is the electricity-heat-gas load aggregator. Owing to the benefit conflict between the upper and lower levels of the IIES, a dynamic pricing mechanism for coordinating the interests of the upper and lower levels is proposed, combined with factors such as the carbon emissions of the IIES, as well as the lower load… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 379-404, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.058137 - 27 December 2024
Abstract After a century of relative stability in the electricity sector, the widespread adoption of distributed energy resources, along with recent advancements in computing and communication technologies, has fundamentally altered how energy is consumed, traded, and utilized. This change signifies a crucial shift as the power system evolves from its traditional hierarchical organization to a more decentralized approach. At the heart of this transformation are innovative energy distribution models, like peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing, which enable communities to collaboratively manage their energy resources. The effectiveness of P2P sharing not only improves the economic prospects for prosumers, who… More >
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