Open Access
ISSN:0199-8595 (print)
ISSN:1546-0118 (online)
Publication Frequency:Monthly
A Proud Tradition
Established in 1904, Energy Engineering has a history of more than 120 years, making it one of the long-standing journals in the field. Throughout its long history, the journal has evolved alongside advances in energy science and technology, consistently serving as a catalyst for innovation and progress. In recent years, it has achieved steady improvements in academic quality, editorial standards, and international influence, and continues to move toward becoming a leading international journal.
Multi-faceted scholarship
Energy Engineering is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal focusing on the engineering aspects of energy research. It provides a global platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, and policy makers to publish original studies across a broad range of energy topics, including energy generation, conversion, conservation, utilization, storage, transmission, systems, technologies, management and sustainability. The journal also explores the societal impacts of energy use and policy, showcasing research that advances sustainable development and supports the transition to cleaner energy systems.
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Open Access
REVIEW
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.083071 - 30 August 2026
Abstract Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) has attracted growing attention due to its promising applications in modern buildings. By serving as components of the building envelope, BIPV avoid competing with land use and facilitates net-zero energy buildings in the face of the current energy crisis. In addition to power generation, BIPV alters the energy-related properties of buildings. Appropriate daylighting and effective management of heat gains can reduce lighting, cooling, and heating loads, helping to balance energy production and consumption. This review examines the optical, thermal, and electrical behaviors of BIPV systems and their impacts on building energy efficiency. More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.079317 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery in Unconventional ReservoirsⅡ)
Abstract The flow mechanisms of shale oil are inherently complex, characterized by diverse occurrence states. Establishing a robust production forecasting model is essential for thoroughly evaluating well deliverability and the efficacy of reservoir stimulation. While conventional analytical techniques, numerical reservoir simulation, and production decline analysis constitute standard practice, they often struggle to balance computational efficiency with predictive fidelity. Intelligent algorithms offer superior precision in short-term forecasting following extensive data training; however, they frequently exhibit poor generalization and underfitting during long-term performance projections. Consequently, integrating domain-specific production decline theory as physical constraints represents a strategic pathway to… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.084705 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Circular Energy Systems and Sustainable Pathways for Decarbonization)
Abstract The transition towards long-term operation and increasing safety standards for nuclear power plant (NPP) units necessitates a fundamental shift from isolated technical monitoring to integrated, risk-oriented performance evaluation. The increasing complexity, safety requirements, and extended operation of nuclear power plant (NPP) units necessitate advanced approaches for assessing their functional performance. This study aims to develop a risk-oriented qualimetric (integrated multi-criteria quality assessment) methodology for comprehensive evaluation of NPP unit operation, integrating both quantitative and qualitative indicators while accounting for their interdependencies. This study develops a novel risk-oriented qualimetric methodology for the holistic assessment of NPP… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.080617 - 30 August 2026
Abstract This paper presents an advanced control strategy, termed enhanced adaptive super-twisting current-constrained algorithm (CCEASTA), to address overcurrent protection challenges and reject disturbances in non-cascade permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) drives. The proposed strategy consists of two fundamental components. Firstly, a gain-adaptive super-twisting sliding mode controller with current constraints is designed in a non-cascade framework. The purpose of this structure is to suppress chattering, accelerate dynamic response, and ensure overcurrent protection. Secondly, a generalized proportional-integral observer (GPIO) is incorporated to estimate unknown state variables and external disturbances in real time. The estimates thus obtained facilitate feed-forward More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.074052 - 30 August 2026
Abstract With the increasing penetration rate of distributed generators (DGs) in the distribution network, DGs with independent power supply capability provide strong support for distribution network fault recovery. Traditional fault reconfiguration methods often rely on static load priorities and fail to fully consider the time-varying dynamic characteristics of outage costs, resulting in shortcomings in the economy and adaptability of restoration strategies. To address this, this paper proposes a fault reconfiguration method that integrates day-ahead prediction and a dynamic load restoration set. Firstly, a Long Short-Term Memory network optimized by Variational Mode Decomposition and the Marine Predators… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.084024 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Sustainable Transport Technologies and Strategies: Impacts on Energy and Environment)
Abstract Accurate per-kilometer energy consumption prediction is essential for effective electric bus (EB) fleet management in urban transit networks. Existing studies report mean absolute percentage errors of 5%–8% and rarely cross-validate explainability attributions or quantify prediction uncertainty. This study presents a physics-informed, interpretable machine learning framework for EB energy consumption prediction under Bangkok-like tropical urban conditions. Due to the institutional inaccessibility of operational telemetry, a parametric dataset of 4000 trip-level scenarios was constructed across 29 input features anchored to published primary sources. Four algorithms were benchmarked under Bayesian hyperparameter optimization: Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.079162 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Next-Generation Distribution System Planning, Operation, and Control)
Abstract As the core hub of energy production and consumption, the scientificity of power grid investment allocation directly affects renewable energy integration and power supply reliability. However, regional development stages exhibit significant uncertainty due to factors such as policy orientation and economic-technological progress. Existing power grid investment decision-making methods mostly ignore regional development differences, making it difficult to balance regional development equity and investment efficiency. To address this, this paper proposes a two-stage robust optimization model for power grid investment considering the uncertainty of regional development stages. Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation index system covering operational, technical,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073663 - 30 August 2026
Abstract To address the challenges of low inertia support capability and poor frequency stability encountered in the process of power system electronification, this paper designs a coordinated inertia support control strategy for offshore wind power connected to the grid via Modular Multilevel Converter Based High Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC), which enhances the system inertia level and accounts for secondary frequency drop. In terms of inertia support, building on the existing coupling relationship between grid frequency and DC voltage, the influence of wind turbine (WT) rotor speed is further integrated, leading to the proposal of a virtual… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.084451 - 30 August 2026
Abstract In the present times, Transformation finance has become a prominent approach for a systematic financial channel to facilitate the step-by-step decarbonization of carbon-intensive sectors. Such mechanisms rely on the accuracy of carbon emissions data to measure environmental performance and to inform capital decisions. The current carbon accounting methods are limited by inadequate data-collection provisions, slow verification processes, and low auditability, which undermine the reliability of emission-reduction claims and constrain the effectiveness of carbon asset markets. In the present research work, a blockchain-based framework is proposed that will create reliable carbon data accounting and facilitate structured… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.074882 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Sustainable Transport Technologies and Strategies: Impacts on Energy and Environment)
Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs), characterized by their large-scale deployment and flexible charging–discharging scheduling, represent a growing form of transportation. However, their widespread adoption poses considerable challenges to the security and stability of the power grid during peak charging periods, highlighting the need for effective management of the coupled traffic–grid system. To address this issue, this paper proposes a blockchain-driven optimization model for charging scheduling in dynamic traffic networks. Blockchain technology is introduced to ensure data transparency and security in decentralized decision-making. First, a queuing model integrating the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) function with the M/M/c/K… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.078939 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances and Emerging Trends in Photovoltaic Technologies, Energy Storage, and Green Hydrogen)
Abstract This study designs a supercritical CO2 heat pump anti-condensation system for a 50 MW tower solar thermal power plant in northwest China to prevent molten salt solidification in pipelines and storage tanks. A thermodynamic model is established to analyze the effects of key parameters (heat release power, maximum/minimum cycle pressure, heat source temperature, and isentropic efficiency) on the coefficient of performance (COP), with the simulation model validated against literature experimental data. Heat dissipation loss of the low-temperature molten salt tank is calculated to determine system capacity, and an economic comparison is conducted among the proposed heat More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.081627 - 30 August 2026
Abstract This paper presents a probabilistic optimization framework for enhancing the photovoltaic hosting capacity of distribution networks through the coordinated operation of smart photovoltaic-static synchronous compensator (PV-STATCOM) inverters. High penetration of photovoltaic systems introduces significant operational challenges, including voltage rise, increased power losses, and reduced system reliability, particularly under uncertain load demand and intermittent solar generation. To address these challenges, a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to simultaneously maximize the photovoltaic hosting capacity while minimizing voltage deviation and power losses, subject to network operational constraints. The proposed approach employs the Fire Hawk optimizer, a recently developed… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.081408 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integration of Renewable Energies with the Grid: An Integrated Study of Solar, Wind, Storage, Electric Vehicles, PV and Wind Materials and AI-Driven Technologies)
Abstract In order to solve the problem of the mismatch between the supply of electric vehicle charging stations and charging demand of electric vehicle charging stations caused by the rapid growth of electric vehicles, and the difficulty in determining the optimal site and capacity of electric vehicle charging stations, an optimisation method for the siting and sizing of electric vehicle charging stations considering the accessibility of user charging was proposed. Firstly, the road network topology structure is established in the GIS environment, and the shortest time path of the user is planned by establishing the road… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.073739 - 30 August 2026
Abstract With the rapid development and widespread application of distributed energy resources (DERs), service restoration in the distribution network has become more complex and challenging. This paradigm shift, while offering unprecedented opportunities for a cleaner and more resilient energy grid, has fundamentally altered the traditional, centralized approach to managing power outages. This paper addresses the issue that intentional islanding partition and network reconfiguration are not effectively integrated during service restoration, proposing a flexible matching method for maximizing service restoration in the active distribution network. Firstly, a fault branch variable based on the basic ring matrix of… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.074707 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovative Renewable Energy Systems for Carbon Neutrality: From Buildings to Large-Scale Integration)
Abstract This paper proposes a photovoltaic (PV) output prediction and trading strategy based on fractal theory. Firstly, rescaled range analysis (R/S analysis) is employed to quantify the fractal characteristics of PV output sequences under different weather conditions. By calculating the Hurst exponent and fractal dimension, the self-similarity patterns and complexity differences are revealed. Secondly, a fractal interpolation prediction method based on the iterated function system is constructed to achieve high-precision fitting of typical daily output curves. Finally, by integrating the fractal prediction results, a trading decision-making model aimed at minimizing daily electricity procurement costs is established, More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.083896 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Next-Generation Solar Thermal and Energy Storage Systems: Modeling, Optimization and Performance)
Abstract This study numerically investigates the influence of inlet–outlet arrangement on the thermo-hydraulic performance of a thermocline thermal energy storage (TES) tank using three-dimensional transient CFD simulations in ANSYS Fluent. Four different inlet–outlet configurations were analyzed under identical discharge conditions to evaluate their effects on thermal stratification, discharge efficiency, and internal flow behavior. The numerical model was developed using the continuity, momentum, and energy equations with the Boussinesq approximation and validated against reference experimental data with deviations below 5%. The results showed that the inlet–outlet arrangement significantly affects thermocline evolution and thermal mixing inside the storage More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.075468 - 30 August 2026
Abstract Numerical calibration of wind power is a critical strategy for mitigating power generation deficits and optimizing the micro-siting of wind turbine units. As wind energy development shifts towards mountainous regions, accurate assessment in these environments becomes increasingly challenging due to complex turbulence structures. This paper conducts a theoretical and numerical investigation of atmospheric boundary layer flow in complex terrain. Utilizing the industry-standard Askervein Hill benchmark for validation, we first evaluate the influence of top boundary condition settings in rectangular fluid domains on the simulation accuracy of the equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer. Subsequently, the study proposes… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.074702 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Analytics on Energy Systems)
Abstract Under the dual challenges of global warming and energy transition, improving the short-term forecasting accuracy of surface solar radiation is of great practical importance for photovoltaic (PV) power integration. In this study, a short-term solar radiation forecasting model based on the XGBoost machine learning algorithm was developed for Jiangsu Province by integrating multispectral data from the Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) geostationary satellite with ground-based meteorological observations. The model incorporated 18 input features—including satellite reflectance, solar zenith angle, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), elevation, and land-cover data—to dynamically predict ground horizontal irradiance (GHI) with 0–4 h lead times.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.083940 - 30 August 2026
Abstract The operational flexibility and reliability of Multi-Microgrid (MMG) networks have been greatly increased by the growing adoption of Distributed Generation (DG) within the operational framework of the contemporary power infrastructure. Optimal location and size of DG units are, however, significant issues since the problem is complex, nonlinear, and multi-objective. A proposed study will develop a sophisticated optimization model using the Spider Wasp Optimization (SWO) algorithm to optimally allocate and size DGs in MMG systems. The goal of the proposed approach is to reduce essential economic goals, such as total operating cost, Levelized Cost of Energy… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.075509 - 30 August 2026
Abstract Aiming at the contradiction between green energy consumption and diesel dependence in temporary construction camps under the condition of “weak data-weak communication”, this paper puts forward a collaborative framework of off-grid light storage and firewood storage with tight coupling of “prediction-scheduling”. The prediction layer constructs a lightweight IOOA-CNN-BiLSTM-Markov model: CNN extracts the spatial characteristics of tower crane shadow and cloud cluster, BiLSTM captures the bidirectional time series dependence, Markov residual compensates the non-stationary disturbance, and uses the improved Osprey algorithm to complete the small sample superparameter self-tuning at the edge of ARM, thus realizing the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.078218 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Analytics on Energy Systems)
Abstract The power transformer serves as a critical hub equipment in the electric power industry, performing the core functions of voltage transformation and power transmission in power grids. Among various potential hazards, through-fault short-circuit impacts are particularly destructive, capable of inducing severe deformation of the transformer windings and even triggering internal faults, thereby posing a major threat to grid stability. Consequently, accurate diagnosis of transformer damage after short-circuit impacts and scientific formulation of targeted overhaul strategies are of vital practical significance for ensuring safe and reliable power supply. In this paper, a comprehensive diagnostic analysis method… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.084053 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Circular Energy Systems and Sustainable Pathways for Decarbonization)
Abstract This study develops a conceptual and analytical approach to assessing energy system (ES) resilience under conditions of a low-carbon transition, with particular attention to the role of operational constraints and adaptive capacity. The study demonstrates that, under conditions of polycrisis transformation, ES resilience cannot be adequately evaluated solely through technical and technological indicators, but requires the integration of functional, institutional, and operational parameters. An integrated resilience model is proposed in which operational constraints are interpreted as an endogenous structural factor that determines the boundary conditions of system functioning and shapes ES development trajectories. The methodological… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.083133 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Grid Integration and Electrical Engineering of Wind Energy Systems: Innovations, Challenges, and Applications)
Abstract With the continuous expansion of installed capacity of renewable energy represented by wind power, modern power systems are increasingly characterized by high penetration of power electronics. This trend leads to reduced system inertia and compromised disturbance resilience, posing prominent challenges to frequency stability. Mainstream wind turbines operating in maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode typically lack effective responses to system frequency fluctuations. Although conventional fixed-parameter virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology can provide inertial support, it struggles to balance dynamic response speed and operational stability under variable operating conditions. To address these issues, this paper proposes… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.074322 - 30 August 2026
Abstract Aiming at the prominent problems of insufficient coordination of multi-type flexible resources and insufficient utilization of demand response potential in high-proportion renewable energy power systems, this paper proposes a two-stage optimal scheduling model for flexible resource aggregation that integrates price-based and segmented incentive-based demand response. In the first stage, the price-based demand response is adopted to optimize the time distribution of elastic loads with the goal of minimizing the net load fluctuation, so as to smooth the net load curve. In the second stage, based on the optimized net load, the segmented incentive-based demand response… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.084804 - 30 August 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Selected Papers from the 2025 World Energy Conference)
Abstract This study examines the relationship between energy consumption, renewable energy supply, and economic growth in BRICS countries over the period 2000–2023 within the framework of panel data analysis. In the analysis, economic growth is represented by gross domestic product, while total energy consumption and renewable energy supply are used as the main energy-related variables. The study contributes to the literature by evaluating the energy-growth nexus together with both total energy use and renewable energy dynamics in BRICS economies. Since BRICS countries may be affected by common global shocks, cross-sectional dependence is considered in the empirical… More >
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