Open Access
ARTICLE
Wenfei Yi1, Mingzhong Zheng1, Jiayi Wang2, Hao Yang2,*, Zhenglong Sun2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072770
Abstract With the growing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and smart interconnected devices, conventional distribution networks have turned to active distribution networks (ADNs) with complex system model and power flow dynamics. The rapid fluctuation of RES power may easily result in frequent voltage violation issues. Taking the flexible RES reactive power as control variables, this paper proposes a two-layer control scheme with Koopman wide neural network (WNN) based model predictive control (MPC) method for optimal voltage regulation and network loss reduction. Based on Koopman operator theory, a data-driven WNN method is presented to fit a… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Sk.A.Shezan
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073418
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integration of Renewable Energies with the Grid: An Integrated Study of Solar, Wind, Storage, Electric Vehicles, PV and Wind Materials and AI-Driven Technologies)
Abstract Modern power systems increasingly depend on interconnected microgrids to enhance reliability and
renewable energy utilization. However, the high penetration of intermittent renewable sources often causes frequency
deviations, voltage fluctuations, and poor reactive power coordination, posing serious challenges to grid stability.
ConventionalInterconnectionFlowControllers(IFCs)primarilyregulateactivepowerflowandfailtoeffectivelyhandle
dynamic frequency variations or reactive power sharing in multi-microgrid networks. To overcome these limitations,
this study proposes an enhancedInterconnectionFlowController(e-IFC)thatintegrates frequency response balancing
and an Interconnection Reactive Power Flow Controller (IRFC) within a unified adaptive control structure. The
proposed e-IFC is implemented and analyzed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory to evaluate its performance under various
grid disturbances, More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Marija Macenić, Tomislav Kurevija*, Tin Herbst
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067067
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Selected Papers from the SDEWES 2024 Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems)
Abstract The increased interest in geothermal energy is evident, along with the exploitation of traditional hydrothermal systems, in the growing research and projects developing around the reuse of already-drilled oil, gas, and exploration wells. The Republic of Croatia has around 4000 wells, however, due to a long period since most of these wells were drilled and completed, there is uncertainty about how many are available for retrofitting as deep-borehole heat exchangers. Nevertheless, as hydrocarbon production decreases, it is expected that the number of wells available for the revitalization and exploitation of geothermal energy will increase. The… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Hongbo Sun1, Xingyu Jiang1,*, Wenyao Sun1, Yi Zhao1, Jifeng Cheng2, Xiaoyi Qian1, Guo Wang3
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073012
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Renewable Energy Systems: Integrating Machine Learning for Enhanced Efficiency and Optimization)
Abstract The accuracy of photovoltaic (PV) power prediction is significantly influenced by meteorological and environmental factors. To enhance ultra-short-term forecasting precision, this paper proposes an interpretable feedback prediction method based on a parallel dual-stream Temporal Convolutional Network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (TCN-BiLSTM) architecture incorporating a spatiotemporal attention mechanism. Firstly, during data preprocessing, the optimal historical time window is determined through autocorrelation analysis while highly correlated features are selected as model inputs using Pearson correlation coefficients. Subsequently, a parallel dual-stream TCN-BiLSTM model is constructed where the TCN branch extracts localized transient features and the BiLSTM branch captures long-term… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Supriya Wadekar1,*, Shailendra Mittal1, Ganesh Wakte2, Rajshree Shinde2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071761
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI in Green Energy Technologies and Their Applications)
Abstract Rapid evolutions of the Internet of Electric Vehicles (IoEVs) are reshaping and modernizing transport systems, yet challenges remain in energy efficiency, better battery aging, and grid stability. Typical charging methods allow for EVs to be charged without thought being given to the condition of the battery or the grid demand, thus increasing energy costs and battery aging. This study proposes a smart charging station with an AI-powered Battery Management System (BMS), developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, to increase optimality in energy flow, battery health, and impractical scheduling within the IoEV environment. The system operates through… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Najiba Hasan Hamad1,*, Ranj Sirwan Abdullah2, Ahmed Mohammed Adham2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073377
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Energy Resources and Their Processes, Systems, Materials and Policies for Affordable Energy Sustainability)
Abstract Coiled tube heat exchangers are widely preferred in shell structures due to their superior heat transfer performance, driven by favorable flow characteristics. This study investigates the effect of modifying coil and shell configurations on heat transfer efficiency. Two key enhancements were examined: adding fins to the outer coil surface and integrating longitudinal slots within a hollowed shell. These modifications promote turbulence and extend heat transfer duration, thereby improving performance. However, they also introduce challenges, including increased pressure loss and manufacturing complexity. Numerical simulations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2024R1 under identical boundary conditions. With a… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zhixiang Zhang1, Chao Luo2, Chen Zhang1,*, Zheng Li1, Yihua Zhu2, Xu Cai1
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072678
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Trends of Offshore Wind Technologies: Support Structure Design, Health monitoring, HVDC transmission, Control and Optimization)
Abstract Fatigue loads on wind turbines are critical factors that significantly influence operational lifespan and reliability. The passive yaw control of wind turbines often fails to capture the dynamic gradient changes of wind speed and direction in the wind field, leading to an increased risk of load overload, severely affecting operational lifespan and reducing power generation efficiency. This impact is even more pronounced during the passage of a cold front. To address this issue, this paper proposes an independent variable-pitch control method that optimizes predictions by utilizing the spatiotemporal relationship between pre-observed cold front patterns and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Huiyong Yu1, Haifu Li1, Liwei Zhang1, Yong Chen1, Rui Wang1, Qiyong Xiong1, Xuyang Guo2, Shijie Shen2,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072416
Abstract Re-fracturing horizontal wells is a critical strategy for enhancing recovery from tight oil reservoirs, but its success depends on the evaluation of candidate wells and locations. This process is complicated by production-induced alterations in reservoir pressure and geomechanical responses. This study introduces a workflow to evaluate re-fracturing potential by integrating coupled fluid flow and geomechanical modeling for the production of initial hydraulic fractures. We developed a numerical model that simulates the poroelastic response of a tight oil reservoir to depletion from an initial set of hydraulic fractures. To quantify the re-fracturing potential along the horizontal… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Qiang Liu1, Yongqiang Zhou1, Chaoyang Lu2, Zhen Yan1, Gangui Yan2, Cheng Yang2,*, Yupeng Wang2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073028
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: New Energy and Energy Storage System)
Abstract The increasing proportion of power generated by new energy has meant that grid-forming energy storage has become a key method for improving power grid flexibility. However, the small disturbance stability problem has become an important challenge. The issue is that grid-forming energy storage is prone to low-frequency oscillation under strong grid conditions. Therefore, this study proposes a multi damping torque model to analyze the small signal stability of grid-forming energy storage converters. The impact of grid strength, operating conditions, and control parameters on the damping characteristics of the low-frequency oscillation by the system was quantitatively More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Haifeng Li1, Xiao Li1, Yuchen Hao1, Tao Jin1, Yi Cao1, Yan Yang2, Zheng Wang2, Yuze Zhou2, Yao Zou3,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072787
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Operation and Control of Grid-connected New Energy and Emerging Loads)
Abstract The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) imposes stringent flexibility requirements on thermal power units (TPUs). Integrating molten salt thermal storage systems (MSTS) and thermal-electric coupling technologies into TPUs has the potential to improve their operational flexibility and regulation capability. However, existing research seldom investigates the combined effects of MSTS retrofitting and thermal-electric output coupling on short-term dispatchability, especially under rapid load variation conditions. This study proposes a comprehensive modeling and multi-timescale optimization framework for MSTS-retrofitted TPUs with rapid load variation capability, enabling coordinated thermal and electrical dispatch in both day-ahead and real-time stages.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Cuihong Wen1, Jingjing Wen1, Qinyue Zhang1, Yeting Wen2, Fanyong Cheng3,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071911
Abstract Air conditioning is a major energy-consuming component in buildings, and accurate air conditioning load forecasting is of great significance for maximizing energy utilization efficiency. However, the deep learning models currently used in the field of air conditioning load forecasting often suffer from issues such as distribution bias in load data and insufficient expression ability of nonlinear features in the model, which affect the accuracy of load forecasting. To address this, this paper proposes a novel load forecasting model. Firstly, the model employs the Dish-TS (DS) module to standardize the input window data through self-learning standardized… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Aina Aqilah Mohd Rizal1, Oskar Hasdinor Hassan2, Nor Kartini Jaafar1,2, Masnawi Mustaffa1, Mohd Tajudin Mohd Ali1,*, Ajis Lepit3, Nazli Ahmad Aini1,2,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071726
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Renewable Energy and Storage: Harnessing Hydrocarbon Prediction and Polymetric Materials for Enhanced Efficiency and Sustainability)
Abstract Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is an integral component in fuel cells which enables proton transport for efficient energy conversion. Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK) has emerged as a cost-effective option with non-fluorinated aromatic backbones for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) applications, even though it exhibits lower proton conductivity compared to Nafion. This work aims to study the influence of Sulfonated Chitosan (SCS) concentrations on proton conductivity of SPEEK-based PEM at room temperature. SPEEK was synthesized using a sulfonation process with concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature. SCS was synthesized via reflux of CS and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Qian Yang1, Shenglei Du1,2, Boyang Chen1, Yalu Sun1, Ding Li1, Zhiheng Zhang3,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073720
Abstract In recent years, as the core infrastructure of the digital economy, data centers have witnessed increasingly prominent issues of energy consumption and carbon emissions. To achieve the goals of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”, data centers have gradually introduced new energy power such as wind and photovoltaic power. However, the randomness and volatility of their output pose challenges to efficient absorption. Based on the spatiotemporal complementary characteristics of new energy output in multiple data centers and the spatiotemporal migration capability of computing tasks, this paper proposes a new energy-aware adaptive collaborative scheduling strategy for computation… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Man Zhang1, Cheng Chen1, Hai-Xia Guo1, Yi-Ming Xiao1, Xin-Jian Zhao2,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071943
Abstract Traditional oilfields face increasing extraction challenges, primarily due to reservoir quality degradation and production decline, which are further exacerbated by volatile international crude oil prices—illustrated by Brent Crude’s trajectory from pandemic-induced negative pricing to geopolitically driven surges exceeding USD 100 per barrel. This study addresses these complexities through an integrated methodological framework applied to medium-permeability sandstone reservoirs in the Xinjiang oilfield by combining advanced numerical simulations with multivariate regression analysis. The methodology employs Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) to stratify geological parameter distributions and constructs heterogeneous reservoir models using Petrel software, rigorously validated through historical production… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xuming Hu1, Nan Hu1, Na Li1, Xinsong Zhang2, Xiaocen Xue2, Xiuyong Yu2,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071728
Abstract The dense integration of residential distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems into three-phase, four-wire low-voltage (LV) distribution networks results in reverse power flow and three-phase imbalance, leading to voltage violations that hinder the growth of rural distributed PV systems. Traditional voltage droop-based control methods regulate PV power output solely based on local voltage measurements at the point of PV connection. Due to a lack of global coordination and optimization, their efficiency is often subpar. This paper presents a centralized coordinated active/reactive power control strategy for PV inverters in rural LV distribution feeders with high PV penetration. The… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Hongyu Wang1, Wenwu Cui1, Kai Cui1, Zixuan Meng2,*, Bin Li2, Wei Zhang1, Wenwen Li1
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069576
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Collaborative Optimization of Electric Vehicle, Charging Station and Grid: Challenges and Opportunities)
Abstract To achieve low-carbon regulation of electric vehicle (EV) charging loads under the “dual carbon” goals, this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy that integrates dynamic carbon factor prediction and multi-objective optimization. First, a dual-convolution enhanced improved Crossformer prediction model is constructed, which employs parallel 1 × 1 global and 3 × 3 local convolution modules (Integrated Convolution Block, ICB) for multi-scale feature extraction, combined with an Adaptive Spectral Block (ASB) to enhance time-series fluctuation modeling. Based on high-precision predictions, a carbon-electricity cost joint optimization model is further designed to balance economic, environmental, and grid-friendly objectives.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jun Xiong*, Peng Yang, Bohan Chen, Zeming Chen
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069438
Abstract The reliable operation of power grid secondary equipment is an important guarantee for the safety and stability of the power system. However, various defects could be produced in the secondary equipment during long-term operation. The complex relationship between the defect phenomenon and multi-layer causes and the probabilistic influence of secondary equipment cannot be described through knowledge extraction and fusion technology by existing methods, which limits the real-time and accuracy of defect identification. Therefore, a defect recognition method based on the Bayesian network and knowledge graph fusion is proposed. The defect data of secondary equipment is… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zezhong Liu, Jinyu Guo, Xingxu Zhu*, Junhui Li
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072679
Abstract With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, the coordination of energy storage with thermal power for frequency regulation has become an effective means to enhance grid frequency security. Addressing the challenge of improving the frequency regulation performance of a thermal-storage primary frequency regulation system while reducing its associated losses, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional cooperative optimization strategy for the control parameters of a combined thermal-storage system, considering regulation losses. First, the frequency regulation losses of various components within the thermal power unit are quantified, and a calculation method for energy storage regulation loss is proposed,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
M. N. Abd-Al Ameer, Iman S. Kareem, Ali A. Ismaeel*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073437
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Energy Resources and Their Processes, Systems, Materials and Policies for Affordable Energy Sustainability)
Abstract Electrical and electronic devices face significant challenges in heat management due to their compact size and high heat flux, which negatively impact performance and reliability. Conventional cooling methods, such as forced air cooling, often struggle to transfer heat efficiently. In contrast, thermoelectric coolers (TECs) provide an innovative active cooling solution to meet growing thermal management demands. In this research, a refrigerant based on mono ethylene glycol and distilled water was used instead of using gases, in addition to using thermoelectric cooling units instead of using a compressor in traditional refrigeration systems. This study evaluates the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xu Liu*, Hongsheng Su
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072246
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integration of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Sustainable Development)
Abstract Further investigation is warranted into the collaborative function of carbon capture and electrolysis-to-gas conversion technologies within integrated electro-gas energy systems, as well as optimized scheduling that addresses the variability of wind and solar energy, to promote multi-energy complementarity and energy decarbonization while enhancing the capacity to absorb new energy. This work presents an optimized scheduling model for electro-gas integrated energy systems that include hydrogen storage, utilizing information gap decision theory (IGDT). A model is constructed that integrates the synergistic functions of carbon capture and storage (CCS), power-to-gas (P2G), and gas turbine units through electrical coupling.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Binjiang Hu1,*, Yihua Zhu2, Liang Tu1,2, Zun Ma3, Xian Meng3, Kewei Xu3
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069777
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Integration of Renewable Energies with the Grid: An Integrated Study of Solar, Wind, Storage, Electric Vehicles, PV and Wind Materials and AI-Driven Technologies)
Abstract This paper proposes an equivalent modeling method for photovoltaic (PV) power stations via a particle swarm optimization (PSO) K-means clustering (KMC) algorithm with passive filter parameter clustering to address the complexities, simulation time cost and convergence problems of detailed PV power station models. First, the amplitude–frequency curves of different filter parameters are analyzed. Based on the results, a grouping parameter set for characterizing the external filter characteristics is established. These parameters are further defined as clustering parameters. A single PV inverter model is then established as a prerequisite foundation. The proposed equivalent method combines the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yutao Xu1, Zukui Tan1, Xiaofeng Gu1, Zhuang Wu2, Jikai Li2,*, Qihui Feng1
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071243
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Construction and Control Technologies of Renewable Power Systems Based on Grid-Forming Energy Storage)
Abstract Flexibly interconnected distribution networks (FIDN) offer improved operational efficiency and operational control flexibility of power distribution systems through DC interconnection links, and have gradually become the main form of distribution networks. Aiming at the impact of constant power loads and converter transmission power variations in FIDN system stability, this paper presents an impedance reshaping based stability analysis and stabilization control to enhance the stability of the interconnected system and improve the system’s dynamic load response capability. Firstly, a small-single based equivalent impedance model of FIDN system, which consists flexibly interconnected equipment, energy storage, PV units,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Song Zhang, Yang Yu*, Shuguang Li, Xue Li
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072333
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Grid Integration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Resources: Technologies, Policies, and Operational Strategies)
Abstract Thermal storage electric heating (TSEH), as a prevalent variable load resource, offers significant potential for enhancing system flexibility when aggregated into a cluster. To address the uncertainties of renewable energy and load forecasting in active distribution networks (ADN), this paper proposes a multi-timescale coordinated optimal dispatch strategy that incorporates TSEH clusters. It utilizes the thermal storage characteristics and short-term regulation capabilities of TSEH, along with the rapid and gradual response characteristics of resources in active distribution grids, to develop a coordinated optimization dispatch mechanism for day-ahead, intraday, and real-time stages. It provides a coordinated optimized… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Lei Su1,2,3, Wanli Feng1,2,3, Cao Kan1,2,3, Mingjiang Wei1,2,3, Jihai Wang4, Pan Yu4, Lingxiao Yang5,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071006
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Grid Integration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Resources: Technologies, Policies, and Operational Strategies)
Abstract To address the high costs and operational instability of distribution networks caused by the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) (such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbines (WT), and energy storage (ES) devices), and the increased grid load fluctuations and safety risks due to uncoordinated electric vehicles (EVs) charging, this paper proposes a novel dual-scale hierarchical collaborative optimization strategy. This strategy decouples system-level economic dispatch from distributed EV agent control, effectively solving the resource coordination conflicts arising from the high computational complexity, poor scalability of existing centralized optimization, or the reliance on local information… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jingshuai Pang1,2, Songcen Wang1, Hongyin Chen1,2,*, Xiaoqiang Jia1, Yi Guo1, Ling Cheng1, Xinhe Zhang1, Jianfeng Li1
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070256
Abstract To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a low-carbon society, this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response. Firstly, a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity. The alternative DR enables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources, while the price DR relies on time-of-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration; Secondly, the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yibin Guo1, Lingxiao Ye1,*, Xiang Wang1, Di Wu1, Zirong Wang1, Hao Wang2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072163
Abstract Accurate forecasting of crude oil futures prices is crucial for understanding global energy market dynamics and formulating effective macroeconomic and energy strategies. However, the strong nonlinearity and multi-scale temporal characteristics of crude oil prices pose significant challenges to traditional forecasting methods. To address these issues, this study proposes a hybrid CEEMDAN–HOA–Transformer–GRU model that integrates decomposition, complexity analysis, adaptive modeling, and intelligent optimization. Specifically, Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) is employed to decompose the original series into multi-scale components, after which entropy-based complexity analysis quantitatively evaluates each component. A differentiated modeling strategy… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xuan Ruan1, Han Yan2, Donglin Hu1, Min Zhang2, Ying Li1, Di Hai1, Bo Yang3,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071166
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Grid Integration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Resources: Technologies, Policies, and Operational Strategies)
Abstract An optimized volt-ampere reactive (VAR) control framework is proposed for transmission-level power systems to simultaneously mitigate voltage deviations and active-power losses through coordinated control of large-scale wind/solar farms with shunt static var generators (SVGs). The model explicitly represents reactive-power regulation characteristics of doubly-fed wind turbines and PV inverters under real-time meteorological conditions, and quantifies SVG high-speed compensation capability, enabling seamless transition from localized VAR management to a globally coordinated strategy. An enhanced adaptive gain-sharing knowledge optimizer (AGSK-SD) integrates simulated annealing and diversity maintenance to autonomously tune voltage-control actions, renewable source reactive-power set-points, and SVG output.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xueting Cheng1, Rui Xu2,*, Liming Bo1, Cheng Liu2, Huiping Zheng1, Zhichong Cao2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072350
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Renewable Energy Systems: Integrating Machine Learning for Enhanced Efficiency and Optimization)
Abstract To address the issue of transient low-voltage instability in AC-DC hybrid power systems following large disturbances, conventional voltage assessment and control strategies typically adopt a sequential “assess-then-act” paradigm, which struggles to simultaneously meet the requirements for both high accuracy and rapid response. This paper proposes a transient voltage assessment and control method based on a hybrid neural network incorporated with an improved snow ablation optimization (ISAO) algorithm. The core innovation of the proposed method lies in constructing an intelligent “physics-informed and neural network-integrated” framework, which achieves the integration of stability assessment and control strategy generation.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yongjun Xiao1, Yuduo Sun2,*, Jian Zheng1, Xiaojin Zhou3, Wang Liu1, Cheng Shen2, Qi Deng2, Hao Zhao4
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070942
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery in Unconventional Reservoirs)
Abstract The shale gas development in China faces challenges such as complex reservoir conditions and high development costs. Based on the pore pressure and geostress coupling theory, this paper studies the geostress evolution laws and fracture network characteristics of shale gas infill wells. A mechanism model of CN platform logging data and geomechanical parameters is established to simulate the influence of parent well’s production on the geostress in the infill well area. It is suggested that with the increase of production time, normal fault stress state and horizontal stress deflection will occur. The smaller the parent… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xiaoya Chen1, Chao Zhang1,*, Xufeng Yuan1, Wei Xiong1, Zhiyang Lu1, Huajun Zheng1, Yutao Xu2, Zhukui Tan2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070996
Abstract To address the issues of high costs and low component utilization caused by the independent configuration of hybrid DC circuit breakers (HCBs) and DC power flow controllers (DCPFCs) at each port in existing DC distribution networks, this paper adopts a component sharing mechanism to propose a composite multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker (CM-HCB) with DC power flow and fault current limitation abilities, as well as reduced component costs. The proposed CM-HCB topology enables the sharing of the main breaker branch (MB) and the energy dissipation branch, while the load commutation switches (LCSs) in the main… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jiangyang Yuan1, Jiaowen Wu1, Yi Gao1, Yuhao Fu2, Yuntao Bu2, Tianyu Chen2, Hao Yu2,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070715
Abstract In the pursuit of carbon peaking and neutrality goals, multi-energy parks, as major energy consumers and carbon emitters, urgently require low-carbon operational strategies. This paper proposes an electricity-carbon synergy-driven optimization method for the low-carbon operation of multi-energy parks. The method integrates multi-energy complementary scheduling with a tiered carbon trading mechanism to balance operational security, economic efficiency, and environmental objectives. A mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to characterize the coupling relationships and dynamic behaviors of key equipment, including photovoltaic systems, ground-source heat pumps, thermal storage electric boilers, combined heat and power units, and electrical energy… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jian Wu*, Xiaowei Hao, Chao Han
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071023
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovations and Challenges in Smart Grid Technologies)
Abstract Owing to the development of communication technologies and control systems, the integration of numerous Internet of Things (IoT) nodes into the power grid has become increasingly prevalent. These nodes are deployed to gather operational data from various distributed energy sources and monitor real-time energy consumption, thereby transforming the traditional power grid into a smart grid (SG). However, the openness of wireless communication channels introduces vulnerabilities, as it allows potential eavesdroppers to intercept sensitive information. This poses threats to the secure and efficient operation of the IoT-driven smart grid. To address these challenges, we propose a… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Kai Xie1, Shaoqing Yuan2, Dayun Zou1, Jinran Wang1,*, Genjun Chen1, Ciwei Gao3, Yinghao Cao1
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070733
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Grid Integration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Resources: Technologies, Policies, and Operational Strategies)
Abstract The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms, where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security. Current clearing systems predominantly adopt a single-system architecture, with research focusing primarily on accelerating solution algorithms through techniques such as high-efficiency parallel solvers and staggered decomposition of mixed-integer programming models. Notably absent are systematic studies evaluating the adaptability of primary-backup clearing systems in contingency scenarios—a critical gap given redundant systems’ expanding applications in operational environments. This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework for analyzing dual-system adaptability, demonstrated through an in-depth case… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Changcheng Li1,2, Weimeng Chang1,2, Dahai Zhang1,*, Jinghan He1
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069389
Abstract Effective partitioning is crucial for enabling parallel restoration of power systems after blackouts. This paper proposes a novel partitioning method based on deep reinforcement learning. First, the partitioning decision process is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP) model to maximize the modularity. Corresponding key partitioning constraints on parallel restoration are considered. Second, based on the partitioning objective and constraints, the reward function of the partitioning MDP model is set by adopting a relative deviation normalization scheme to reduce mutual interference between the reward and penalty in the reward function. The soft bonus scaling mechanism… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Tiankui Sun*, Shuyi Zhuang, Yongling Lu, Wenqiang Xie, Ning Guo, Sudi Xu
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070213
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Energy Management and Process Optimization in Industrial Manufacturing: Towards Smart, Sustainable, and Efficient Production Systems)
Abstract To ensure an uninterrupted power supply, mobile power sources (MPS) are widely deployed in power grids during emergencies. Comprising mobile emergency generators (MEGs) and mobile energy storage systems (MESS), MPS are capable of supplying power to critical loads and serving as backup sources during grid contingencies, offering advantages such as flexibility and high resilience through electricity delivery via transportation networks. This paper proposes a design method for a 400 V–10 kV Dual-Winding Induction Generator (DWIG) intended for MEG applications, employing an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based on a back-propagation neural network (BPNN). A… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Min Liu1,*, Zhengxiong Lu2,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071144
Abstract The accurate state of health (SOH) estimation in lithium-ion batteries represents a critical technological challenge with profound implications for electric vehicle performance and user experience. Precise SOH assessment not only enables reliable mileage prediction but also ensures operational safety. However, the complex and non-linear capacity fading process during battery cycling poses a challenge to obtaining accurate SOH. To address this issue, this study proposes an effective health factor derived from the local voltage range during the battery charging phase. First, the battery charging phase is divided evenly with reference to voltage intervals, and an importance… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xue Zhang1, Jie Chen2,*, Zhihui Zhang3, Dewei Zhang3, Yuejiao Ming3, Xinde Zhang3
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069487
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Revolution in Energy Systems: Hydrogen and Beyond)
Abstract The integration of wind power and natural gas for hydrogen production forms a Green and Blue Hydrogen Integrated Energy System (GBH-IES), which is a promising cogeneration approach characterized by multi-energy complementarity, flexible dispatch, and efficient utilization. This system can meet the demands for electricity, heat, and hydrogen while demonstrating significant performance in energy supply, energy conversion, economy, and environment (4E). To evaluate the GBH-IES system effectively, a comprehensive performance evaluation index system was constructed from the 4E dimensions. The fuzzy DEMATEL method was used to quantify the causal relationships between indicators, establishing a scientific input-output… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zhirong Jin1,*, Xiaorui Hou1, Yanrong Ge1, Tiankui Guo2, Ming Chen2, Shuyi Li2, Tianyu Niu2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070750
Abstract Hydraulic fracturing serves as a critical technology for reservoir stimulation in deep coalbed methane (CBM) development, where the mechanical properties of gangue layers exert a significant control on fracture propagation behavior. To address the unclear mechanisms governing fracture penetration across coal-gangue interfaces, this study employs the Continuum-Discontinuum Element Method (CDEM) to simulate and analyze the vertical propagation of hydraulic fractures initiating within coal seams, based on geomechanical parameters derived from the deep Benxi Formation coal seams in the southeastern Ordos Basin. The investigation systematically examines the influence of geological and operational parameters on cross-interfacial fracture… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Haokai Xie1, Yi Lu1, Xiaojun Ni1, Yilei Gu1, Sihao Fu2,*, Wenyao Ye3, Zheren Zhang2, Zheng Xu2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070934
Abstract With the rapid development of large-scale offshore wind farms, efficient and reliable power transmission systems are urgently needed. Hybrid high-voltage direct current (HVDC) configurations combining a diode rectifier unit (DRU) and a modular multilevel converter (MMC) have emerged as a promising solution, offering advantages in cost-effectiveness and control capability. However, the uncontrollable nature of the DRU poses significant challenges for system stability under offshore AC fault conditions, particularly due to its inability to provide fault current or voltage support. This paper investigates the offshore AC fault characteristics and fault ride-through (FRT) strategy of a hybrid… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Lei Zhao1, Lihui Ma2, Junwen Chen3, Pan Zhang2, Jiang Bian4,*, Dong Sun2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070290
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Green and Low-Carbon Pipeline Transportation Theory and Technology for Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Unconventional Media)
Abstract Shock waves in the nozzle during supersonic separation under different conditions can disrupt the flow field’s thermodynamic equilibrium. While it contributes to the recovery of pressure energy, it also leads to the dissipation of mechanical energy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in back pressure on the shock wave position and its subsequent impact on the refrigeration performance of nozzles. A mathematical model for the supersonic gas in a nozzle was established and evaluated via experiments. The results show that when the back pressure is less than 0.2 MPa, no shock wave… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xiaozhe Guo1, Suyan Long2, Ziyu Yue2, Yifan Wang2, Guanting Yin1, Yuyang Wang1, Zhaoyuan Wu1,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069820
Abstract The increasing complexity of China’s electricity market creates substantial challenges for settlement automation, data consistency, and operational scalability. Existing provincial settlement systems are fragmented, lack a unified data structure, and depend heavily on manual intervention to process high-frequency and retroactive transactions. To address these limitations, a graph-based unified settlement framework is proposed to enhance automation, flexibility, and adaptability in electricity market settlements. A flexible attribute-graph model is employed to represent heterogeneous multi-market data, enabling standardized integration, rapid querying, and seamless adaptation to evolving business requirements. An extensible operator library is designed to support configurable settlement… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Wan Chen1, Zhi Liu1, Yingxue Ma1, Cuicui Wang2, Xinfa Gu1, Baolian Liu1, Lei Shen3, Hui Huang1, Jie Ji1,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069764
Abstract In order to solve the problems of slow dynamic response and difficult multi-source coordination of solar electric vehicle charging stations under intermittent renewable energy, this paper proposes a hardware-algorithm co-design framework: the T-type three-level bidirectional converter (100 kHz switching frequency) based on silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET is deeply integrated with fuzzy model predictive control (Fuzzy-MPC). At the hardware level, the switching trajectory and resonance suppression circuit (attenuation resonance peak 18 dB) are optimized, and the total loss is reduced by 23% compared with the traditional silicon-based IGBT. At the algorithm level, the adaptive parameter update… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Cheng Yang*, Hanjie Qi, Qing Yin
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070957
Abstract In order to enhance the off-peak performance of gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) units, a novel collaborative power generation system (CPG) was proposed. During off-peak operation periods, the remaining power of the GTCC was used to drive the adiabatic compressed air energy storage (ACAES), while the intake air of the GTCC was heated by the compression heat of the ACAES. Based on a 67.3 MW GTCC, under specific demand load distribution, a CPG system and a benchmark system (BS) were designed, both of which used 9.388% of the GTCC output power to drive the ACAES.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Wei Chen, Yang Wu*, Tingting Pei, Jie Lin, Guojing Yuan
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070905
Abstract In view of the insufficient utilization of condition-monitoring information and the improper scheduling often observed in conventional maintenance strategies for photovoltaic (PV) modules, this study proposes a predictive maintenance (PdM) strategy based on Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation. First, a RUL prediction model is established using the Transformer architecture, which enables the effective processing of sequential degradation data. By employing the historical degradation data of PV modules, the proposed model provides accurate forecasts of the remaining useful life, thereby supplying essential inputs for maintenance decision-making. Subsequently, the RUL information obtained from the prediction process is… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Heping Qi, Wenyao Sun*, Yi Zhao, Xiaoyi Qian, Xingyu Jiang
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069603
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Grid Integration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Resources: Technologies, Policies, and Operational Strategies)
Abstract Virtual power plant (VPP) integrates a variety of distributed renewable energy and energy storage to participate in electricity market transactions, promote the consumption of renewable energy, and improve economic efficiency. In this paper, aiming at the uncertainty of distributed wind power and photovoltaic output, considering the coupling relationship between power, carbon trading, and green card market, the optimal operation model and bidding scheme of VPP in spot market, carbon trading market, and green card market are established. On this basis, through the Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in cooperative game theory, the quantitative… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Junxian Ma1, Haonan Zhao2,*, Zhibing Hu3, Yaru Shen3, Fan Ding3, Shouqi Jiang2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070530
Abstract Energy storage-equipped photovoltaic (PV-storage) systems can meet frequency regulation requirements under various operating conditions, and their coordinated support for grid frequency has become a future trend. To address frequency stability issues caused by low inertia and weak damping, this paper proposes a multi-timescale frequency regulation coordinated control strategy for PV-storage integrated systems. First, a self-synchronizing control strategy for grid-connected inverters is designed based on DC voltage dynamics, enabling active inertia support while transmitting frequency variation information. Next, an energy storage inertia support control strategy is developed to enhance the frequency nadir, and an active frequency… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xia Yan1, Wei Wang1, Kai Shen2,*, Yanqing Feng1, Junyi Sun1, Xiaogang Li1, Wentao Zhu1, Binbin Shi1, Guanglong Sheng2,3
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070360
Abstract In the development of coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs using multistage fractured horizontal wells, there often exist areas that are either repeatedly stimulated or completely unstimulated between fracturing stages, leading to suboptimal reservoir performance. Currently, there is no well-established method for accurately evaluating the effectiveness of such stimulation. This study introduces, for the first time, the concept of the Fracture Network Bridging Coefficient (FNBC) as a novel metric to assess stimulation performance. By quantitatively coupling the proportions of unstimulated and overstimulated volumes, the FNBC effectively characterizes the connectivity and efficiency of the fracture network. A background… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jin Lin1,*, Bin Yu2, Chao Chen1, Jiezhen Cai1, Yifan Wu2, Cunping Wang3
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069310
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovations and Challenges in Smart Grid Technologies)
Abstract With the increasing integration of renewable energy, microgrids are increasingly facing stability challenges, primarily due to the lack of inherent inertia in inverter-dominated systems, which is traditionally provided by synchronous generators. To address this critical issue, Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) technology has emerged as a highly promising solution by emulating the inertia and damping characteristics of conventional synchronous generators. To enhance the operational efficiency of virtual synchronous generators (VSGs), this study employs small-signal modeling analysis, root locus methods, and synchronous generator power-angle characteristic analysis to comprehensively evaluate how virtual inertia and damping coefficients affect frequency… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yong Li, Yuxuan Chen*, Jiahui He, Guowei He, Chenxi Dai, Jingjing Tong, Wenting Lei
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069257
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Construction and Control Technologies of Renewable Power Systems Based on Grid-Forming Energy Storage)
Abstract Ensuring reliable power supply in urban distribution networks is a complex and critical task. To address the increased demand during extreme scenarios, this paper proposes an optimal dispatch strategy that considers the coordination with virtual power plants (VPPs). The proposed strategy improves system flexibility and responsiveness by optimizing the power adjustment of flexible resources. In the proposed strategy, the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is firstly employed to determine the adjustable range of aggregated power within the VPP, facilitating an assessment of its potential contribution to power supply support. Then, an optimal dispatch model based on More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zujun Ding, Qi Xiang, Chengyi Li, Mengyu Ma, Chutong Zhang, Xinfa Gu, Jiaming Shi, Hui Huang, Aoyun Xia, Wenjie Wang, Wan Chen, Ziluo Yu, Jie Ji*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070442
Abstract In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation, this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer (IDBO) with Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD). The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations. This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm, and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO self-optimization of key parameters K and a. On this basis, Fourier transform technology… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yechun Xin1, Xinyuan Zhao1, Dong Ding2, Shuyu Chen2, Chuanjie Wang2, Tuo Wang1,*
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069748
Abstract To enhance power flow regulation in scenarios involving large-scale renewable energy transmission via high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links and multi-infeed DC systems in load-center regions, this paper proposes a hybrid modular multilevel converter–capacitor-commutated line-commutated converter (MMC-CLCC) HVDC transmission system and its corresponding control strategy. First, the system topology is constructed, and a submodule configuration method for the MMC—combining full-bridge submodules (FBSMs) and half-bridge submodules (HBSMs)—is proposed to enable direct power flow reversal. Second, a hierarchical control strategy is introduced, including MMC voltage control, CLCC current control, and a coordination mechanism, along with the derivation of… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Hongsheng Su, Zhensheng Teng*, Zihan Zhou
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069495
Abstract Addressing the limitations of inadequate stochastic disturbance characterization during wind turbine degradation processes that result in constrained modeling accuracy, replacement-based maintenance practices that deviate from actual operational conditions, and static maintenance strategies that fail to adapt to accelerated deterioration trends leading to suboptimal remaining useful life utilization, this study proposes a Time-Based Incomplete Maintenance (TBIM) strategy incorporating reliability constraints through stochastic differential equations (SDE). By quantifying stochastic interference via Brownian motion terms and characterizing nonlinear degradation features through state influence rate functions, a high-precision SDE degradation model is constructed, achieving 16% residual reduction compared to… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Mengxuan Shi1, Lintao Li2, Dejun Shao1, Xiaojie Pan1, Xingyu Shi2,*, Yuxun Wang2
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069915
Abstract In wind power transmission via modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) systems, under traditional control strategies, MMC-HVDC cannot provide inertia support to the receiving-end grid (REG) during disturbances. Moreover, due to the frequency decoupling between the two ends of the MMC-HVDC, the sending-end wind farm (SEWF) cannot obtain the frequency variation information of the REG to provide inertia response. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel coordinated source-network-storage inertia control strategy based on wind power transmission via MMC-HVDC system. First, the grid-side MMC station (GS-MMC) maps the frequency variations of the REG to… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zhuang Liu#, Mingwei Ren, Kai Shi*, Peifeng Xu
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069480
Abstract Grid-Forming (GFM) converters are prone to fault-induced overcurrent and power angle instability during grid fault-induced voltage sags. To address this, this paper develops a multi-loop coordinated fault ride-through (FRT) control strategy based on a power outer loop and voltage-current inner loops, aiming to enhance the stability and current-limiting capability of GFM converters during grid fault conditions. During voltage sags, the GFM converter’s voltage source behavior is maintained by dynamically adjusting the reactive power reference to provide voltage support, thereby effectively suppressing the steady-state component of the fault current. To address the active power imbalance induced… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Chenxuan Zhang, Yongqing Qi*, Ximin Cao, Yanchi Zhang
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069878
Abstract To enhance the low-carbon economic efficiency and increase the utilization of renewable energy within integrated energy systems (IES), this paper proposes a low-carbon dispatch model integrating power-to-gas (P2G), carbon capture and storage (CCS), hydrogen fuel cell (HFC), and combined heat and power (CHP). The P2G process is refined into a two-stage structure, and HFC is introduced to enhance hydrogen utilization. Together with CCS and CHP, these devices form a multi-energy conversion system coupling electricity, heat, cooling, and gas. A ladder-type carbon trading approach is adopted to flexibly manage carbon output by leveraging marginal cost adjustments.… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zhukui Tan1, Dacheng Zhou1, Song Deng1, Jikai Li2,*, Zhuang Wu2, Qihui Feng1, Xuan Zhang1
Energy Engineering, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069610
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Construction and Control Technologies of Renewable Power Systems Based on Grid-Forming Energy Storage)
Abstract This paper presents an optimal operation method for embedded DC interconnections based on low-voltage AC/DC distribution areas (EDC-LVDA) under three-phase unbalanced compensation conditions. It can optimally determine the transmission power of the DC and AC paths to simultaneously improve voltage quality and reduce losses. First, considering the embedded interconnected, unbalanced power structure of the distribution area, a power flow calculation method for EDC-LVDA that accounts for three-phase unbalanced compensation is introduced. This method accurately describes the power flow distribution characteristics under both AC and DC power allocation scenarios. Second, an optimization scheduling model for EDC-LVDA… More >
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