Open Access

ARTICLE

Energy Optimization Strategy for Reconfigurable Distribution Network with High Renewable Penetration Based on Bald Eagle Search Algorithm

Jian Wang, Hui Qi, Lingyi Ji^*, Zhengya Tang, Hui Qian

State Grid Taizhou Power Supply Company, Taizhou, 225300, China

* Corresponding Author: Lingyi Ji. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovations and Challenges in Smart Grid Technologies)

Energy Engineering 2025, 122(11), 4635-4651. https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2025.068667

Received 03 June 2025; Accepted 22 August 2025; Issue published 27 October 2025

Abstract

This paper proposes a cost-optimal energy management strategy for reconfigurable distribution networks with high penetration of renewable generation. The proposed strategy accounts for renewable generation costs, maintenance and operating expenses of energy storage systems, diesel generator operational costs, typical daily load profiles, and power balance constraints. A penalty term for power backflow is incorporated into the objective function to discourage undesirable reverse flows. The Bald Eagle Search (BES) meta-heuristic is adopted to solve the resulting constrained optimization problem. Numerical simulations under multiple load scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces operating cost while preventing power backflow and maintaining secure operation of the distribution network.

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Keywords

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