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Short-Term Wind Power Forecast Based on STL-IAOA-iTransformer Algorithm: A Case Study in Northwest China

by Zhaowei Yang1, Bo Yang2,*, Wenqi Liu1, Miwei Li2, Jiarong Wang2, Lin Jiang3, Yiyan Sang4, Zhenning Pan5

1 Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
2 Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
3 Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
4 College of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
5 School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

* Corresponding Author: Bo Yang. Email: email

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: AI-application in Wind Energy Development and Utilization)

Energy Engineering 2025, 122(2), 405-430. https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2025.059515

Abstract

Accurate short-term wind power forecast technique plays a crucial role in maintaining the safety and economic efficiency of smart grids. Although numerous studies have employed various methods to forecast wind power, there remains a research gap in leveraging swarm intelligence algorithms to optimize the hyperparameters of the Transformer model for wind power prediction. To improve the accuracy of short-term wind power forecast, this paper proposes a hybrid short-term wind power forecast approach named STL-IAOA-iTransformer, which is based on seasonal and trend decomposition using LOESS (STL) and iTransformer model optimized by improved arithmetic optimization algorithm (IAOA). First, to fully extract the power data features, STL is used to decompose the original data into components with less redundant information. The extracted components as well as the weather data are then input into iTransformer for short-term wind power forecast. The final predicted short-term wind power curve is obtained by combining the predicted components. To improve the model accuracy, IAOA is employed to optimize the hyperparameters of iTransformer. The proposed approach is validated using real-generation data from different seasons and different power stations in Northwest China, and ablation experiments have been conducted. Furthermore, to validate the superiority of the proposed approach under different wind characteristics, real power generation data from southwest China are utilized for experiments. The comparative results with the other six state-of-the-art prediction models in experiments show that the proposed model well fits the true value of generation series and achieves high prediction accuracy.

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Cite This Article

APA Style
Yang, Z., Yang, B., Liu, W., Li, M., Wang, J. et al. (2025). Short-term wind power forecast based on stl-iaoa-itransformer algorithm: A case study in northwest china. Energy Engineering, 122(2), 405–430. https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2025.059515
Vancouver Style
Yang Z, Yang B, Liu W, Li M, Wang J, Jiang L, et al. Short-term wind power forecast based on stl-iaoa-itransformer algorithm: A case study in northwest china. Energ Eng. 2025;122(2):405–430. https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2025.059515
IEEE Style
Z. Yang et al., “Short-Term Wind Power Forecast Based on STL-IAOA-iTransformer Algorithm: A Case Study in Northwest China,” Energ. Eng., vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 405–430, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2025.059515



cc Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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