Open Access

REVIEW

A Review of Methods for “Pump as Turbine” (PAT) Performance Prediction and Optimal Design

Xiao Sun¹, Huifan Huang¹, Yanjuan Zhao^2,*, Lianghuai Tong^3,*, Haibin Lin³, Yuliang Zhang⁴

1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
2 College of Information Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, 324000, China
3 Quzhou Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Quzhou, 324024, China
4 College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou, 324000, China

* Corresponding Authors: Yanjuan Zhao. Email: ; Lianghuai Tong. Email:

Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2025, 21(6), 1261-1298. https://doi.org/10.32604/fdmp.2025.064329

Received 12 February 2025; Accepted 21 April 2025; Issue published 30 June 2025

Abstract

The reverse operation of existing centrifugal pumps, commonly referred to as “Pump as Turbine” (PAT), is a key approach for recovering liquid pressure energy. As a type of hydraulic machinery characterized by a simple structure and user-friendly operation, PAT holds significant promise for application in industrial waste energy recovery systems. This paper reviews recent advancements in this field, with a focus on pump type selection, performance prediction, and optimization design. First, the advantages of various prototype pumps, including centrifugal, axial-flow, mixed-flow, screw, and plunger pumps, are examined in specific application scenarios while analyzing their suitability for turbine operation. Next, performance prediction techniques for PATs are discussed, encompassing theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and experimental testing. Special emphasis is placed on the crucial role of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and internal flow field testing technologies in analyzing PAT internal flow characteristics. Additionally, the impact of multi-objective optimization methods and the application of advanced materials on PAT performance enhancement is addressed. Finally, based on current research findings and existing technical challenges, this review also indicates future development directions; in particular, four key breakthrough areas are identified: advanced materials, innovative design methodologies, internal flow diagnostics, and in-depth analysis of critical components.

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Keywords

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