Open Access
ARTICLE
Kai Luo1, Yifei Xie1, Kun Chen1, Haibing Chen2,*, Wei Tang1,*, Shaohua Bi3, Jirong Zhang3, Weifeng He3
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.084890
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Phase-Change Heat Transfer and Thermal-Hydraulics for Advanced Nuclear Systems)
Abstract The internal structure of porous media is strongly correlated with flow and thermal transport characteristics, which further influences the overall heat transfer performance of the entire system. Based on explicit structural representation, a three-dimensional numerical method for coupled flow and heat transfer in multi-layered porous sheet arrays is established, utilizing momentum source terms for porous media and a local thermal equilibrium heat transfer model. The impacts from porosity, inlet velocity, and heating power on the flow and heat transfer characteristics within the segment are systematically investigated, with the porosity range determined based on microstructural observations,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yannian Zhang1, Weilong Zhao2, Haikun Zheng3,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.083846
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Microscale Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, and Phase Change)
Abstract Aiming at the frosting problem of heat exchanger with fins and tubes under low temperature and high humidity conditions, this study combines the single factor method with the Taguchi experimental method. A corrugated surface was used as the experimental object instead of a corrugated fin, and the frosting characteristics of corrugated surfaces with different structural parameters, including corrugation angle, corrugation depth, and corrugation distribution, were investigated. The Taguchi experimental method was further employed to evaluate the frosting performance of the corrugated surfaces. At the same frosting duration, the surface with a corrugated left section and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zeliang Liang1,2, Jia Tan1,*, Jiachao She2, Fengnian Wang2, Yi Wang2, Donghao Li3, Rugang Duan3, Haotian Chu4
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.078050
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Multi-Scale Heat and Mass Transfer: From Intensification to System Integration)
Abstract Significant wettability differences between proppants and coal matrices in deep coal reservoirs limit gas–water mass transfer, a key factor for coalbed methane recovery. This study develops a hybrid wettability fracture model using in-situ data, coupling Navier–Stokes equations with a phase-field method to simulate multi-scale gas–water flow. A random wettability mapping technique captures spatial heterogeneity. The critical capillary number (Ca)-balancing capillary and viscous forces-serves as the key threshold governing flow pathways. At low Ca, capillary forces dominate, causing liquid film aggregation and gas blockage; at high Ca, viscous forces break films and open pathways. Wettability gradients drive asynchronous More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yan Xiao1, Ruoyi Xie1, Song Gao2, Jinhui Yang1, Luyao Liang1, Shaozhi Zhang1,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.077396
Abstract When redeploying servers or installing new racks within an existing data center, assessing the local rack-level thermal environment is crucial to ensure target areas meet stringent cooling requirements. To date, limited research has addressed this specific issue. In this study, experimental measurements and CFD simulations were conducted to evaluate the local thermal environment of an operational data center. The Index of Mixing (IOM) was selected as the primary metric for thermal evaluation. To closely mimic real-world conditions, a 2U server simulator featuring adjustable air volume and heating power was constructed. Experimental results indicated that the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Anxiang Shen1, Xinxin Ren2, Tao Wang1, Jianqiu Zhou1,2,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.082573
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: High Efficiency Cooling Technology in New and Renewable Energy System)
Abstract To address the growing number of variable-composition ejector refrigeration cycles, this study proposes analyzing the matching performance between working fluids and cycles through 3D (Temperature-Entropy-Mass fraction) Thermodynamic Diagrams. The ejector refrigeration cycle is decoupled into a driving module and a refrigeration module, and a theoretical upper-bound model (COPlimiting) that depends only on working-fluid properties is derived from the T-s diagram. Graph-theoretic analysis yields an explicit relation between COPlimiting and fluid-specific parameters such as Δsb-b′/Δsa-b′ and Δse-e′/Δsd-e′. Definition of k1 (ΔT4–7/Δse-e′) and k2 (ΔT3–4/Δsb-b′) reveals that wet fluids favour the refrigeration module, whereas dry fluids favour the driving module. The influence… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yang Long1, Bowei Xie2,*, Linkang Wang1, Mu Du2,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.082479
Abstract This work proposes a simple multilayer smart coating with wide-band response characteristics based on In3SbTe2 (IST) phase change material, which can achieve significant and gradient dynamic regulation of infrared emittance while ensuring a low solar absorptance. The spectral directional emittance and absorptance characteristics are calculated by the rigorous coupled wave analysis method, and the genetic algorithm is used for global optimization design of the structural parameters. The simulated results show that the smart coating can maintain excellent optical performance with a solar absorptance lower than 0.325, while achieving a significant regulation range of infrared emittance over… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jialei Jiang1, Jiayuan Luo2,3,*, Yan Su1, Weiqiang Xiao1, Jiajun Lu4, Haodong Liu5, Yuqi Huang2
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.083123
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Thermal, Mass, and Life Management of Advanced Batteries and Fuel Cells)
Abstract Quantitative measurement of the high-speed gas-liquid-solid multiphase jets generated during the transient discharge of high-pressure vessels remains a significant challenge. Traditional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques often fail in these scenarios due to the intense self-luminous interference, high transient velocities, and the absence of pre-seeded tracer particles. To address these issues, this paper proposes a robust non-intrusive measurement scheme integrating an adaptive image enhancement strategy with an improved cross-correlation algorithm. First, a preprocessing framework combining Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) and frequency-domain high-pass filtering is developed to suppress background noise and reconstruct fluid textures… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Jiaxi Shen, Zhiyun Wang*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.081961
Abstract This study focuses on the modeling and performance prediction of the condensation heat transfer process within an ACC system of a 100 MW unit. A one-dimensional physical model was established, and solutions were obtained using an iterative numerical method based on the first law of thermodynamics. The core of this work involves precise modifications to the heat transfer coefficient. Firstly, the Shah correlation for horizontal tube condensation was improved by incorporating the air mass fraction and the Jakob number to quantify the impact of non-condensable gases. Secondly, to assess the influence of the pipe installation More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Dawar Asfandyar Khan, Yanyu Chen, Haokang Zhang, Yu Wang*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.083157
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: High Efficiency Cooling Technology in New and Renewable Energy System)
Abstract Efficient thermal management of high heat flux systems is critical in modern electronic and energy devices. Spray cooling, with its high heat removal capability and uniform surface cooling, is widely recognized as an effective technique. Extensive studies have explored spray cooling using water and other working fluids, focusing on droplet dynamics, surface wetting, and heat transfer enhancement. However, the influence of low-concentration alcohol additives on spray cooling performance and evaporation dynamics remains insufficiently understood. This work systematically investigates the non-monotonic heat-transfer behaviour by varying spray height, flow rate, and heat input individually, focusing on the… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Wensheng Li1, Zeyang Zhang1, Xinjie Chai2, Facheng Qiu1,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.080472
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer for Enhanced Solar Desalination Technologies)
Abstract Hydrodynamic jet technologies have emerged as a promising approach for advanced wastewater treatment, offering engineering advantages through operational efficiency and system simplicity. As a critical review, this work examines three major hydrodynamic approaches—atomized jets, cavitation jets, and pulsed-jet systems—and analyzes their degradation mechanisms and practical applications in pollutant abatement. By systematically evaluating current research trends, this review elucidates the synergistic interplay between hydrodynamic effects, including turbulent shear, microbubble implosion, and reactive radical generation, and contaminant-decomposition pathways. Quantitative evidence from the reviewed literature further reveals significant performance enhancements achieved by these technologies. Optimized cavitating jets (e.g.,… More >
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