Open Access
ARTICLE
Xiang Chen1,2,3,*, Shugang Sun1, Xingxing Wang3, Yelin Deng2
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.077731
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Multi-Physics Coupling Electrochemical-Thermal Energy Storage Modeling and Active Safety State Estimation)
Abstract Large-capacity energy storage batteries exhibit thermal behaviors markedly different from conventional cylindrical or pouch cells. Due to their multilayer electrode structure, they show pronounced anisotropy in thermal conductivity between through-thickness and in-plane directions. This results in uneven heat diffusion and internal–external temperature gradients that surface sensors cannot capture. Moreover, heat generation varies with temperature and state of charge (SOC) owing to changes in internal resistance. To address these challenges, an equivalent circuit and anisotropic electrothermal coupled model were established, with heat generation and transfer processes analytically derived. Parameter identification was performed through capacity calibration, specific More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Gürcan Durmaz1,*, Gökhan Gürlek2
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.075332
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Enhancement Technologies for Fluid Heat and Mass Transfer)
Abstract This study examines the evolution of condenser technologies in household refrigerators, focusing on the potential for improving energy efficiency with hot-wall condensers (HWCs). Factors influencing this development, including refrigerant changes, consumer expectations, global regulations, and environmental factors, are evaluated. Design features, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and comparisons with other condenser types are presented for HWCs. The review identifies key parameters affecting HWC performance: pipe diameter and pitch, outer surface material properties, adhesive tape properties, and contact resistances. The effects of environmental factors such as ambient temperatures and heat transfer coefficients are also considered. The results indicate… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xiufeng Fei1, Jian Liu1,2, Dianhang Wei1,*, Xiaosong Zhang1,2,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.076167
Abstract Thermal-transfer printing technology has gained widespread adoption in small-format printing devices owing to its fast printing speed, good image quality, and environmental sustainability. However, scaling this technology to large-format printing equipment remains challenging, primarily because the internal heat transfer mechanisms in the large-scale thermal-transfer printing head (TPH) are not yet fully understood. This knowledge gap limits further optimization of device design. A two-dimensional model was established to numerically investigate the internal heat transfer within the thermal-transfer printing head under pulse heating conditions. The simulations reveal that the internal temperature distribution adopts a star-like pattern, driven More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Aoyu Zheng1, Ye Wang1,2,*, Huanhuan Li1, Yuanfeng Lu1,3,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.075766
Abstract Subway operations generate substantial heat, and inadequate dissipation can progressively degrade tunnel thermal conditions. The thermal distribution within the surrounding rock is critical for calculating the load on subway environmental control systems. However, the heat transfer patterns in the surrounding rock for intersecting tunnels remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study employs COMSOL software to numerically analyze the impact of intersecting line layouts on the temperature field distribution within the surrounding rock. Results indicate that when tunnels intersect, heat accumulates in the surrounding rock near the intersection. Compared to the single-tunnel structure, intersecting tunnels exhibit higher… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Riyi Lin*, Bi Pang, Xinwei Wang
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.076874
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Multi-Scale Heat and Mass Transfer: From Intensification to System Integration)
Abstract The thickening of condensed liquid film outside heat-exchange pipes and the pipe bundle effect can significantly degrade the heat transfer efficiency, thus restricting the vacuum phase-change heating furnace from achieving its rated thermal efficiency of over 90%. In this work, a heat transfer enhancement method coupling simple harmonic vibration with non-circular pipes was proposed. A CFD model describing the heat transfer process of horizontal pipes under vibratory conditions was established and stepwise validated against experimental data from published literature and the Nusselt analytical solution. Taking a 50 mm steel circular pipe as the reference, numerical… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Xianshi Fang1, Zexian Guo1,*, Kaihong Tang1, Guanzhu Ren2
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.077372
Abstract To investigate the complex phase change behavior in two-phase condensation flow of hydrocarbon mixtures in inclined tubes, a numerical model was developed in Fluent using the Volume of Fluid method combined with the Lee phase change model. A mixing effect correction was incorporated to enhance the simulation accuracy, and its impact on the flow and heat transfer characteristics was systematically evaluated. Numerical simulations were performed and subsequently corrected for mixing effects; the final results show good agreement with classical experimental data. The average deviation of the heat transfer coefficient is −0.76%, while that of the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Marina Astanina, Igor Miroshnichenko*, Gennadii Shashkin, Mikhail Sheremet
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.077952
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Heat Transfer Analysis and Optimization in Energy Systems)
Abstract This paper explores the thermal behavior of a composite building element consisting of two air cavities inside a porous layer under isothermal heating of the side walls. The system presents a model of a thermal protection element or building envelope where heat transfer occurs through combined conduction in the porous medium and natural convection in the air gaps. The mathematical formulation is based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Darcy-Brinkman formulation for the porous structure. The natural convection problem has been solved using the ψ–ω–θ formulation in dimensionless form (ψ—stream function, ω—vorticity, θ—temperature). The main… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Artem N. Kotov*, Aleksandr A. Starostin, Aleksandr L. Gurashkin
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.074926
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Heat and Mass Transfer on A Small Temporal and Spatial Scale)
Abstract Dynamic methods for creating a superheated state of liquids and tracking their decay are presented. These methods allow relaxation characteristics of short-lived metastable states to be investigated across a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The relaxation of a medium is studied by a “probe” action after a short “pump” pulse. The concentration of the pump pulse in time and space allows the synchronization and localization of means for recording fast-flowing processes. Our aim was to carry out a brief review of methods for studying pulsed thermal processes in a superheated liquid based on the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
M. I. Hernández-López1, E. V. Macias-Melo2, F. N. Demesa-López1, J. Serrano-Arellano1,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.076455
Abstract The accumulation of carbon monoxide
Open Access
ARTICLE
Guohai Jia1, Yongjia Ma1, Yuanyuan Li2, Yuling Cheng2, Dan Huang2,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.076516
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Innovations in Drying Technologies: Bridging Industrial, Environmental, and Energy Efficiency Challenges)
Abstract Microwave vacuum drying (MVD) is a promising technique for enhancing drying efficiency and product quality in ginger processing. In this study, the effects of microwave power, vacuum degree, and slice thickness on the MVD behavior of ginger slices were systematically investigated. The drying performance of MVD was also compared with hot-air drying (HAD) and microwave drying (MD). The results showed that increasing microwave power and vacuum degree, together with reducing slice thickness, significantly accelerated moisture removal, with microwave power being the dominant factor. Under comparable conditions, MVD required only one-sixth of the drying time of… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zebing Chen1, Yang Wang1, Hong Wu1, Wenbin Zhao1, Jinjun Yan1, Luyao Peng2, Yugang Zhao2, Zilong Wang2, Kang Li2,*, Saleh S. Meibodi3, Mohammad Moosazadeh4, Soheil Mohtaram2,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.077274
Abstract Energy storage batteries require strict thermal management due to temperature sensitivity, operating optimally within a narrow thermal range. Simultaneously, control rooms demand stable and comfortable ambient conditions for staff staying long-term. Conventional temperature control systems typically employ isolated solutions, resulting in functional fragmentation and inefficient resource utilization. To address these challenges, this study proposes and implements an integrated R290 secondary loop heat pump air-conditioning system designed to simultaneously manage the thermal environments of both energy storage batteries and control rooms. By adopting a secondary-loop coupling architecture, all thermal regulation is achieved indirectly via indirect heat… More >
Graphic Abstract
Open Access
REVIEW
Bin Li1,2, Liying Gao1,2,*, Yong Li3, Kun Zhu1,2, Zhenling Fu1,2, Shifan Xu1,2, Mohan Li1,2
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.075814
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Enhancement Technologies for Fluid Heat and Mass Transfer)
Abstract Cyclone separators are highly efficient gas-solid separation that operate on the centrifugal force and play an indispensable role in industries such as chemical engineering, environmental protection, and power generation. They exhibit excellent reliability, particularly under demanding conditions such as high temperatures and elevated particle concentrations. However, a persistent trade-off between separation efficiency and pressure drop has limited further performance improvements. To address this, optimization of cyclone separators has become a major research focus. This article systematically reviews recent advances, first by examining the mechanisms through which key structural parameters, such as inlet geometry, exhaust pipe… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yida Shen1, Bin Dong2, Quan Ma1, Chao Dang1,*, Congjian Li2,*, Guojian Ren3, Shaozhan Wang1,2, Xiaozhe Sun1, Yong Ding4
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.077096
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Microscale Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, and Phase Change)
Abstract This article explores the application of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) in solving supersonic flow problems within a Laval nozzle, proposing innovative methods by integrating physical constraints and neural network optimization techniques. The main innovations of this study include the construction of a novel neural network architecture with shortcut connections to enhance the prediction of overall flow trends and local fluctuations, thereby improving convergence speed, reducing computational costs, and increasing the accuracy of flow field reconstruction. Additionally, this study designs a PINNs framework that incorporates specific physical knowledge (SPK) to improve model stability, generalization, and accuracy, More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Ahmed Ghazy*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.076192
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer for Enhanced Solar Desalination Technologies)
Abstract In this study, the covers of the conventional double slope solar distiller (CDSSD) were replaced with a glass air heater and a glass air-cooled condenser. Ambient air was circulated through the air heater and air-cooled condenser to recover unavoidable heat losses in air heating as an auxiliary product. The thermal performance of the double slope solar distiller integrated with an air heater and an air-cooled condenser (DSSD-AH-ACC) was mathematically evaluated under real weather conditions and varying air flows. The results showed that increasing air flow through the air heater and air-cooled condenser improved the efficiency More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Ratan Kumar Chanda1, Rakesh Bhowmick2, Giulio Lorenzini3,*, Rabindra Nath Mondal1,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.075311
Abstract Due to ample engineering and industrial applications involving electrically conducting fluids, such as in magnetic flow control devices, thermal magnetic systems, magnetic filtration and separation, and fluid transport in curved rotating channels, the present study examines the impacts of pressure-induced instability characteristics and chaotic nature of Magneto-hydrodynamic fluid flow in a rotating curved square duct (CSD), incorporating Hall and ion-slip currents. The rotational speed (ΩT) around the vertical axis of the duct is constant while a variable transverse magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the fluid. The numerical solutions are obtained through the spectral method as a… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Linkang Wang1, Bowei Xie2,3,4,*, Zhiqiang Liu1, Lijing Yi2,3,4, Mu Du2,3,4,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.076486
Abstract The Local Surface Plasma Resonance (LSPR) of spherical metal particles is typically only observed within the visible spectrum. This inherent property renders modulation through alterations in radius or material challenging, significantly constraining its practical applications. In this work, we propose a super-elliptic gold nanoparticle model that allows for the continuous modulation of particle geometry from spherical to star-like shapes using a single roundness parameter (e). Unlike conventional nanorods or discrete nanostars, this geometry provides a unified framework to investigate the evolution of multipole resonances. The radiation characteristics of super elliptic gold nanoparticles in the range of… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Wei Dong1, Baoqi Guo2, Weiwei Zhao2, Hui Jian2, Zhenzong He2,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.075848
Abstract This study explores the design of a tapered cathode flow channel in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), leveraging artificial intelligence and multi-objective optimization techniques to attain an optimal configuration. First, the influence of the channel height ratio and mass flow rate on PEMFC performance was systematically examined. The results reveal that decreasing the height ratio and increasing the mass flow rate lead to reduction in the standard deviation of current density, accompanied by a monotonic rise in pressure drop. The average current density initially rises before exhibiting a slight decline. Subsequently, a surrogate… More >
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