Open Access
ARTICLE
Lihao Lu1,2, Yan Lu1,2, Zhenhua Jiang1,2, Shaoshuai Liu1,2,*, Yinong Wu1,2
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.080328
Abstract Sub-Kelvin cooling technology is a critical prerequisite for high-sensitivity detection in deep space exploration and quantum computing. Operating identical sorption coolers in parallel is a common engineering approach to enhance cooling capacity and extend hold time for these cryogenic platforms. However, this study reports an unexpected “symmetry breaking” phenomenon observed in a parallel Helium-4 sorption cooling system where the cold heads are connected via Oxygen-Free High Thermal Conductivity (OFHC) copper linkages. Instead of the expected uniform load sharing, the system spontaneously evolves into an asymmetric “quasi-series” operational mode. In this state, one cooler preferentially consumes… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Berry Lamy*, Romaine Byfield, Yiding Cao
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.079339
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Heat Transfer Research for Thermal Energy Storage: Emerging Trends and Real-World Applications)
Abstract Climate change and the ongoing dependence on fossil fuels present major challenges for global agriculture, with fossil fuel use in the agrifood sector accounting for a substantial and growing share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Agrifood systems currently contribute approximately one-third of total anthropogenic GHG emissions. Integrating renewable energy solutions for heating and power can help offset a significant fraction of these emissions. In this study, an analytical heat transfer and thermodynamic model is developed to evaluate the performance, energy balance, and thermal losses of the proposed system under realistic operating conditions. The model enables… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Haojie Ju, Ming Zhao*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.080844
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Multiscale and Multiphysics Approaches in Heat and Mass Transfer)
Abstract This paper employs the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to investigate the nonlinear characteristics of natural convection in toroidal spaces with radius ratios of 2.6, 1.6, 1.4, and 1.2. Based on the maximum Lyapunov exponent, runs test, and phase space trajectory, the transition from steady-state to chaotic state is analyzed. The results show that with increasing Rayleigh number (Ra), the toroidal system successively experiences a steady state, a periodic oscillation state, a quasi-periodic oscillation state, and finally enters a chaotic state. For example, when the radius ratio is 2.6, these transitions occur at Ra values of 5 More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yi Huang1, Ran Gao1, Hao Ye1, Weidong Fang1, Xiaopeng Shang2, Haiwang Li1,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.079520
Abstract Efficient transport of non-Newtonian fluids plays an important role in energy and thermal management systems. However, drag reduction characteristics and fluid behavior of non-Newtonian fluids in microchannels with structures are still under investigated, which is essential for lowering pumping power, improving transport and heat transfer efficiency to optimize microfluidic device design. This study systematically investigates the drag reduction performance of non-Newtonian fluids in microchannels with various cavities through numerical simulations and experimental verification. The effects of cavity incidence angle, structural smoothness, non-Newtonian rheological parameters, and shape parameters are analyzed. The drag reduction efficiencies under both… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yechao Qin1, Zezhong Hou1, Xiaojun Dai2, Zhenqian Chen1, Bo Xu1,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.079464
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Phase Change Heat Transfer in Thermal Management Systems)
Abstract To address the increasing thermal management demands of electronic devices, this study proposes a single-inlet, single-outlet counterflow double-layer microchannel structure optimized for non-uniform heat sources and conducts a numerical analysis. The research focuses on designing a double-layer microchannel structure through topology optimization under 2.5D chip non-uniform heat source conditions. Its heat dissipation performance is compared with traditional linear microchannels to analyze the advantages of the topology-optimized microchannel. In a simulated 2.5D heat source scenario comprising a 240 W logic chip and four 40 W memory chips, the average temperature at the bottom of the topologically… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Min Li1, Haijun Luan1, Ming Chi1, Sen Chen1, Yang Chen1, Jiarui Cheng2,*, Tian Xie2,*, Rui Wang2
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.081419
Abstract This study used simulated formation water (15 g/L CaCl2) from a certain area of Xinjiang Oilfield as the experimental medium., and employed a high-pressure sealed reaction vessel and a sapphire window to systematically investigate the effects of water content (30%–70%), initial pressure (2–14 MPa), and the intervention of CH4 on the critical point of CO2 hydrate formation. The differences between the ‘visual confirmation’ method and the temperature-pressure curve inflection point method for determining hydrate formation were also compared. The study found that in a single CO2 system under a constant pressure of 5 MPa and a water… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Zeli Wang1, Bo Zhao1,2,*, Youliang Chen1, Ling Tao3,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.078641
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Heat Exchanger Design, Performance, and Applications)
Abstract Plate heat exchangers are extensively utilized in thermal management. The heat transfer efficiency is significantly constrained by structural parameters and the non-uniformity of flow distribution across the plates. To address this, this study proposes the integration of diversion grooves onto the heat transfer plates to optimize the flow field. Numerical simulations conducted using ANSYS FLUENT demonstrate that the introduction of diversion grooves effectively reduces the fluid distribution uneven coefficient by 6.9%. To identify the optimal configuration, a series of plate models were developed and analyzed, investigating the impact of varying diversion groove lengths (ranging from… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Rukun Hu1, Liao Zhang1, Wenbin Han1, Wei Chen1, Bo Ma1, Xuan Liu1, Yongzhi Lei1, Qian Lu1, Yuanji Li2, Xiaohu Yang2,*
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.081154
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Enhancement Technologies for Fluid Heat and Mass Transfer)
Abstract To enhance the efficiency of phase change heat storage, this study investigates the synergistic effects and parameter interactions of a coupled strategy integrating fins, metal foam, and nanoparticles. A validated numerical model is developed for a shell-and-tube heat storage unit. The influence of porosity and pore density of metal foam, as well as Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration, on melting behavior, heat storage rate, and fluid flow features are systematically analyzed. Results indicate that reducing porosity significantly enhances heat conduction, shortening the complete melting time by up to 53.71%. Conversely, increasing pore density markedly suppresses natural convection, reducing… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Da Fang1, Xianbing Chen2,*, Chenxiao Chu3,*, Xinhou Liu4, Mengyu Zhu5, Jinliang Zhu6
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.079777
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Enhancing Heat and Mass Transfer in Multiphase Systems)
Abstract A three-dimensional numerical model of a water-driven steam ejector was developed using the Euler-Euler two-fluid framework. A direct-contact condensation (DCC) heat and mass transfer model was employed to simulate the complex two-phase flow and energy exchange. The distributions of gas-liquid phases, pressure, and temperature were obtained to evaluate performance. Results indicate that within the investigated operating range (pp = 140–160 kPa), the entrainment ratio (ER) and temperature rise (DT) are highly coupled, with DT varying from 5.33 to 11.49 K. The maximum temperature rise of 11.49 K was achieved at pp = 140 kPa, Tp = 310 K,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Yanfeng Li1,2, Xiaohui Zhang1,2,*, Luyang Chen3,*, Rong Chen4, Shan Qing3
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.079549
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Microscale Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, and Phase Change)
Abstract Highly integrated micro-nano electronic devices suffer from severe heat dissipation challenges, and flow cooling in nanochannels is an effective solution. During convective heat transfer at liquid-solid interfaces, surface wettability and rough morphology are key parameters governing thermal transport; however, their combined effects remain unclear. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations are utilized to examine the synergistic effects of surface wettability and nanopillar arrays on thermal transport and fluid dynamics within nanochannels. The results show that increasing surface hydrophilicity and roughness reduces the thermal slip length and increases the Nusselt number, thereby enhancing heat transfer performance… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Bingchao Zhao1,*, Jiahao Yu1, Zhen Zhang1, Jinduo Wang1, Dan Zhang2, Wenbo Zhou2
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.079362
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Phase Change Heat Transfer in Thermal Management Systems)
Abstract To achieve the goal of deep desalination of saline wastewater driven by solar energy, the evaporation experiments of Na2SO4 aqueous solution droplets under thermal radiation heating condition have been carried out with the working conditions of 1450 and 1930 nm, heat flux varied from 1.1 × 105 to 2.5 × 105 W·m−2, initial mass fraction in the range of 0.01~0.16 and droplet initial volume of 2.0~8.0 μL, respectively. The results indicate that absorption coefficient, initial mass fraction, heat flux and initial droplet volume have significantly influences on the evaporation characteristics. The main evaporation time can be shortened… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Bin Li1,2, Liying Gao1,2,*, Yong Li3, Kun Zhu1,2, Zhenling Fu1,2, Shifan Xu1,2, Mohan Li1,2
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.075814
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Enhancement Technologies for Fluid Heat and Mass Transfer)
Abstract Cyclone separators are highly efficient gas-solid separation that operate on the centrifugal force and play an indispensable role in industries such as chemical engineering, environmental protection, and power generation. They exhibit excellent reliability, particularly under demanding conditions such as high temperatures and elevated particle concentrations. However, a persistent trade-off between separation efficiency and pressure drop has limited further performance improvements. To address this, optimization of cyclone separators has become a major research focus. This article systematically reviews recent advances, first by examining the mechanisms through which key structural parameters, such as inlet geometry, exhaust pipe… More >
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