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Detecting Deepfake Images Using Deep Learning Techniques and Explainable AI Methods

Wahidul Hasan Abir1, Faria Rahman Khanam1, Kazi Nabiul Alam1, Myriam Hadjouni2, Hela Elmannai3, Sami Bourouis4, Rajesh Dey5, Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan1,*

1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
2 Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Brainware Group of Institutions-SDET, Barasat, Kolkata, 700124, West Bengal, India

* Corresponding Author: Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan. Email: email

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023, 35(2), 2151-2169. https://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2023.029653

Abstract

Nowadays, deepfake is wreaking havoc on society. Deepfake content is created with the help of artificial intelligence and machine learning to replace one person’s likeness with another person in pictures or recorded videos. Although visual media manipulations are not new, the introduction of deepfakes has marked a breakthrough in creating fake media and information. These manipulated pictures and videos will undoubtedly have an enormous societal impact. Deepfake uses the latest technology like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) to construct automated methods for creating fake content that is becoming increasingly difficult to detect with the human eye. Therefore, automated solutions employed by DL can be an efficient approach for detecting deepfake. Though the “black-box” nature of the DL system allows for robust predictions, they cannot be completely trustworthy. Explainability is the first step toward achieving transparency, but the existing incapacity of DL to explain its own decisions to human users limits the efficacy of these systems. Though Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) can solve this problem by interpreting the predictions of these systems. This work proposes to provide a comprehensive study of deepfake detection using the DL method and analyze the result of the most effective algorithm with Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) to assure its validity and reliability. This study identifies real and deepfake images using different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models to get the best accuracy. It also explains which part of the image caused the model to make a specific classification using the LIME algorithm. To apply the CNN model, the dataset is taken from Kaggle, which includes 70 k real images from the Flickr dataset collected by Nvidia and 70 k fake faces generated by StyleGAN of 256 px in size. For experimental results, Jupyter notebook, TensorFlow, NumPy, and Pandas were used as software, InceptionResnetV2, DenseNet201, InceptionV3, and ResNet152V2 were used as CNN models. All these models’ performances were good enough, such as InceptionV3 gained 99.68% accuracy, ResNet152V2 got an accuracy of 99.19%, and DenseNet201 performed with 99.81% accuracy. However, InceptionResNetV2 achieved the highest accuracy of 99.87%, which was verified later with the LIME algorithm for XAI, where the proposed method performed the best. The obtained results and dependability demonstrate its preference for detecting deepfake images effectively.

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Cite This Article

APA Style
Abir, W.H., Khanam, F.R., Alam, K.N., Hadjouni, M., Elmannai, H. et al. (2023). Detecting deepfake images using deep learning techniques and explainable AI methods. Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, 35(2), 2151-2169. https://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2023.029653
Vancouver Style
Abir WH, Khanam FR, Alam KN, Hadjouni M, Elmannai H, Bourouis S, et al. Detecting deepfake images using deep learning techniques and explainable AI methods. Intell Automat Soft Comput . 2023;35(2):2151-2169 https://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2023.029653
IEEE Style
W.H. Abir et al., “Detecting Deepfake Images Using Deep Learning Techniques and Explainable AI Methods,” Intell. Automat. Soft Comput. , vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 2151-2169, 2023. https://doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2023.029653



cc Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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