Assessing the psychometric properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) across various sectors in Sudan

Abdo Hasan AL-Qadri^1,*, Mohammed Ateik Al-Khadher², Nadia Saraa³, Ahmed Abdalmonem Mohmed Ahmed⁴, Pengfei Chen¹, Salaheldin Farah Bakhiet⁵, Ismael Salamah Albursan², Hazim M. Alhaqbani⁶, Abdullah Saad Almutairi⁷
1 School of Humanities and Education, Xi’an Eurasia University, Xi’an, 710065, China
2 Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of English, Faculty of Letters and Languages, Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret, 14000, Algeria
4 Department of Psychology, College of Arts, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
5 Gifted Education Program, Department of Special Education, College of Education, Administrative and Technical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
6 Department of Special Education, College of Education, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
7 Self-Development Skills Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
* Corresponding Author: Abdo Hasan AL-Qadri. Email: email

Journal of Psychology in Africa https://doi.org/10.32604/jpa.2025.069675

Received 28 June 2025; Accepted 25 November 2025; Published online 04 January 2026

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Abstract

Burnout is an escalating global occupational health challenge, requiring valid and reliable assessment tools. This study validates the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) for assessing burnout among Sudanese workers in the education, healthcare, and banking sectors, where burnout prevalence is high. Utilizing the 19-item CBI, translated into Arabic, the study measured burnout across three dimensions: Personal Burnout (PB), Work-related Burnout (WB), and Client-related Burnout (CB). A total of 1068 participants were surveyed, including 438 teachers (41%), 326 healthcare workers (30.5%), and 304 bank employees (28.5%). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses confirmed the construct validity of the CBI, while concurrent validity was supported through moderate to high correlations with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) domains, except for a weak correlation between Depersonalization and PB/WB. Reliability was established through Cronbach’s Alpha (α), McDonald’s Omega (ω), Composite Reliability (CR), Average Variance Extracted (AVE), and discriminant validity, all of which were satisfactory across the three groups. The study resulted in two final versions of the CBI: a 17-item version for healthcare workers and a 19-item version for teachers and bank employees. Both versions are available in Arabic, and stakeholders are recommended to use the CBI tailored to each sector’s specific psychometric properties. This tailored approach ensures accurate measurement of burnout, aiding psychologists, therapists, and policymakers in addressing and mitigating burnout effectively within each professional group.

Keywords

Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI); healthcare; teachers; bank employees; validation; exploratory factor analysis (EFA); confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)