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REVIEW

Enhancements in Oil Palm Fiber for Composite Material Development

H. A. Aisyah1,*, I. Nur Azreena2, E. Hishamuddin1, A.W. Noorshamsiana1, N. M. Nurazzi2
1 Biomass Technology Unit, Engineering and Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), No 6., Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
2 Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, 11700, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
* Corresponding Author: H. A. Aisyah. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: From Nature to Function: Natural Fiber Cellulose and Starch-Based Materials for a Sustainable Composites)

Journal of Renewable Materials https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0141

Received 11 June 2025; Accepted 24 September 2025; Published online 22 October 2025

Abstract

Oil palm fiber is a natural fiber derived from agricultural biomass and has gained significant attention as an alternative reinforcement material in composite materials due to its abundance, renewability, and environmental benefits. This review explores the various enhancement techniques applied to oil palm fiber to improve its properties for composite material development. Key areas of focus include chemical treatments, physical modifications, and hybridization with other fibers to improve fiber-matrix bonding, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. Integration of nanomaterials and bio-based resins to enhance the performance and sustainability of oil palm fiber composites is also discussed. Applications in industries such as automotive, construction, packaging, and consumer goods highlighted the potential for these composites to replace traditional, non-renewable materials. Challenges such as fiber variability, production scalability, and market adoption were examined, along with future directions in advancing oil palm fiber-based composites.

Graphical Abstract

Enhancements in Oil Palm Fiber for Composite Material Development

Keywords

Oil palm fiber; empty fruit bunch; mesocarp fiber; composite; treatment

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