Open Access
ARTICLE
Quantitative Extraction of p-Coumaric Acid and Ferulic Acid in Different Gramineous Materials and Structural Changes of Residual Alkali Lignin
Tanhao Zhang, Shuo Zhang, Wu Lan*, Fengxia Yue*
State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of
Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
* Corresponding Authors: Wu Lan. Email: ; Fengxia Yue. Email:
(This article belongs to this Special Issue: Process and Engineering of Lignocellulose Utilization)
Journal of Renewable Materials 2023, 11(2), 555-566. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2023.025701
Received 27 July 2022; Accepted 18 August 2022; Issue published 22 September 2022
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) and
p-coumaric acid (
pCA) in bagasse, wheat straw, corn straw, and corncob were extracted by
alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS). It was found that the FA and most of the
pCA in gramineous biomass could be dissociated and released
after being treated with 1 M NaOH at 100°C for 4 h. The yields of
pCA/FA in bagasse, wheat straw, corn straw,
and corncob determined by GC-FID are 39.8/11.5, 13.7/11.0, 28.0/11.0, and 35.1/14.5 mg/g, respectively. The raw
materials and the treated solid residues were characterized by gel-state 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D HSQC NMR). It was found that only a small amount of lignin was
detected in the residue after alkali treatment, indicating that the alkali treatment conditions can effectively cleave
the FA and
pCA. Additionally, the lignin in the alkali solution was recovered and characterized by 2D HSQC
NMR. The FA was not able to be detected by NMR, whereas a small amount of
pCA remained in the alkali lignin.
This study reveals the structural change of residual lignins during the quantitative isolation of FA and
pCA, which
is essential for the selective isolation of
pCA/FA and valorization of residual alkali lignin.
Graphical Abstract
Keywords
Cite This Article
Zhang, T., Zhang, S., Lan, W., Yue, F. (2023). Quantitative Extraction of
p-Coumaric Acid and Ferulic Acid in Different Gramineous Materials and Structural Changes of Residual Alkali Lignin.
Journal of Renewable Materials, 11(2), 555–566.